1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
2846
2847
2848
2849
2850
2851
2852
2853
2854
2855
2856
2857
2858
2859
2860
2861
2862
2863
2864
2865
2866
2867
2868
2869
2870
2871
2872
2873
2874
2875
2876
2877
2878
2879
2880
2881
2882
2883
2884
2885
2886
2887
2888
2889
2890
2891
2892
2893
2894
2895
2896
2897
2898
2899
2900
2901
2902
2903
2904
2905
2906
2907
2908
2909
2910
2911
2912
2913
2914
2915
2916
2917
2918
2919
2920
2921
2922
2923
2924
2925
2926
2927
2928
2929
2930
2931
2932
2933
2934
2935
2936
2937
2938
2939
2940
2941
2942
2943
2944
2945
2946
2947
2948
2949
2950
2951
2952
2953
2954
2955
2956
2957
2958
2959
2960
2961
2962
2963
2964
2965
2966
2967
2968
2969
2970
2971
2972
2973
2974
2975
2976
2977
2978
2979
2980
2981
2982
2983
2984
2985
2986
2987
2988
2989
2990
2991
2992
2993
2994
2995
2996
2997
2998
2999
3000
3001
3002
3003
3004
3005
3006
3007
3008
3009
3010
3011
3012
3013
3014
3015
3016
3017
3018
3019
3020
3021
3022
3023
3024
3025
3026
3027
3028
3029
3030
3031
3032
3033
3034
3035
3036
3037
3038
3039
3040
3041
3042
3043
3044
3045
3046
3047
3048
3049
3050
3051
3052
3053
3054
3055
3056
3057
3058
3059
3060
3061
3062
3063
3064
3065
3066
3067
3068
3069
3070
3071
3072
3073
3074
3075
3076
3077
3078
3079
3080
3081
3082
3083
3084
3085
3086
3087
3088
3089
3090
3091
3092
3093
3094
3095
3096
3097
3098
3099
3100
3101
3102
3103
3104
3105
3106
3107
3108
3109
3110
3111
3112
3113
3114
3115
3116
3117
3118
3119
3120
3121
3122
3123
3124
3125
3126
3127
3128
3129
3130
3131
3132
3133
3134
3135
3136
3137
3138
3139
3140
3141
3142
3143
3144
3145
3146
3147
3148
3149
3150
3151
3152
3153
3154
3155
3156
3157
3158
3159
3160
3161
3162
3163
3164
3165
3166
3167
3168
3169
3170
3171
3172
3173
3174
3175
3176
3177
3178
3179
3180
3181
3182
3183
3184
3185
3186
3187
3188
3189
3190
3191
3192
3193
3194
3195
3196
3197
3198
3199
3200
3201
3202
3203
3204
3205
3206
3207
3208
3209
3210
3211
3212
3213
3214
3215
3216
3217
3218
3219
3220
3221
3222
3223
3224
3225
3226
3227
3228
3229
3230
3231
3232
3233
3234
3235
3236
3237
3238
3239
3240
3241
3242
3243
3244
3245
3246
3247
3248
3249
3250
3251
3252
3253
3254
3255
3256
3257
3258
3259
3260
3261
3262
3263
3264
3265
3266
3267
3268
3269
3270
3271
3272
3273
3274
3275
3276
3277
3278
3279
3280
3281
3282
3283
3284
3285
3286
3287
3288
3289
3290
3291
3292
3293
3294
3295
3296
3297
3298
3299
3300
3301
3302
3303
3304
3305
3306
3307
3308
3309
3310
3311
3312
3313
3314
3315
3316
3317
3318
3319
3320
3321
3322
3323
3324
3325
3326
3327
3328
3329
3330
3331
3332
3333
3334
3335
3336
3337
3338
3339
3340
3341
3342
3343
3344
3345
3346
3347
3348
3349
3350
3351
3352
3353
3354
3355
3356
3357
3358
3359
3360
3361
3362
3363
3364
3365
3366
3367
3368
3369
3370
3371
3372
3373
3374
3375
3376
3377
3378
3379
3380
3381
3382
3383
3384
3385
3386
3387
3388
3389
3390
3391
3392
3393
3394
3395
3396
3397
3398
3399
3400
3401
3402
3403
3404
3405
3406
3407
3408
3409
3410
3411
3412
3413
3414
3415
3416
3417
3418
3419
3420
3421
3422
3423
3424
3425
3426
3427
3428
3429
3430
3431
3432
3433
3434
3435
3436
3437
3438
3439
3440
3441
3442
3443
3444
3445
3446
3447
3448
3449
3450
3451
3452
3453
3454
3455
3456
3457
3458
3459
3460
3461
3462
3463
3464
3465
3466
3467
3468
3469
3470
3471
3472
3473
3474
3475
3476
3477
3478
3479
3480
3481
3482
3483
3484
3485
3486
3487
3488
3489
3490
3491
3492
3493
3494
3495
3496
3497
3498
3499
3500
3501
3502
3503
3504
3505
3506
3507
3508
3509
3510
3511
3512
3513
3514
3515
3516
3517
3518
3519
3520
3521
3522
3523
3524
3525
3526
3527
3528
3529
3530
3531
3532
3533
3534
3535
3536
3537
3538
3539
3540
3541
3542
3543
3544
3545
3546
3547
3548
3549
3550
3551
3552
3553
3554
3555
3556
3557
3558
3559
3560
3561
3562
3563
3564
3565
3566
3567
3568
3569
3570
3571
3572
3573
3574
3575
3576
3577
3578
3579
3580
3581
3582
3583
3584
3585
3586
3587
3588
3589
3590
3591
3592
3593
3594
3595
3596
3597
3598
3599
3600
3601
3602
3603
3604
3605
3606
3607
3608
3609
3610
3611
3612
3613
3614
3615
3616
3617
3618
3619
3620
3621
3622
3623
3624
3625
3626
3627
3628
3629
3630
3631
3632
3633
3634
3635
3636
3637
3638
3639
3640
3641
3642
3643
3644
3645
3646
3647
3648
3649
3650
3651
3652
3653
3654
3655
3656
3657
3658
3659
3660
3661
3662
3663
3664
3665
3666
3667
3668
3669
3670
3671
3672
3673
3674
3675
3676
3677
3678
3679
3680
3681
3682
3683
3684
3685
3686
3687
3688
3689
3690
3691
3692
3693
3694
3695
3696
3697
3698
3699
3700
3701
3702
3703
3704
3705
3706
3707
3708
3709
3710
3711
3712
3713
3714
3715
3716
3717
3718
3719
3720
3721
3722
3723
3724
3725
3726
3727
3728
3729
3730
3731
3732
3733
3734
3735
3736
3737
3738
3739
3740
3741
3742
3743
3744
3745
3746
3747
3748
3749
3750
3751
3752
3753
3754
3755
3756
3757
3758
3759
3760
3761
3762
3763
3764
3765
3766
3767
3768
3769
3770
3771
3772
3773
3774
3775
3776
3777
3778
3779
3780
3781
3782
3783
3784
3785
3786
3787
3788
3789
3790
3791
3792
3793
3794
3795
3796
3797
3798
3799
3800
3801
3802
3803
3804
3805
3806
3807
3808
3809
3810
3811
3812
3813
3814
3815
3816
3817
3818
3819
3820
3821
3822
3823
3824
3825
3826
3827
3828
3829
3830
3831
3832
3833
3834
3835
3836
3837
3838
3839
3840
3841
3842
3843
3844
3845
3846
3847
3848
3849
3850
3851
3852
3853
3854
3855
3856
3857
3858
3859
3860
3861
3862
3863
3864
3865
3866
3867
3868
3869
3870
3871
3872
3873
3874
3875
3876
3877
3878
3879
3880
3881
3882
3883
3884
3885
3886
3887
3888
3889
3890
3891
3892
3893
3894
3895
3896
3897
3898
3899
3900
3901
3902
3903
3904
3905
3906
3907
3908
3909
3910
3911
3912
3913
3914
3915
3916
3917
3918
3919
3920
3921
3922
3923
3924
3925
3926
3927
3928
3929
3930
3931
3932
3933
3934
3935
3936
3937
3938
3939
3940
3941
3942
3943
3944
3945
3946
3947
3948
3949
3950
3951
3952
3953
3954
3955
3956
3957
3958
3959
3960
3961
3962
3963
3964
3965
3966
3967
3968
3969
3970
3971
3972
3973
3974
3975
3976
3977
3978
3979
3980
3981
3982
3983
3984
3985
3986
3987
3988
3989
3990
3991
3992
3993
3994
3995
3996
3997
3998
3999
4000
4001
4002
4003
4004
4005
4006
4007
4008
4009
4010
4011
4012
4013
4014
4015
4016
4017
4018
4019
4020
4021
4022
4023
4024
4025
4026
4027
4028
4029
4030
4031
4032
4033
4034
4035
4036
4037
4038
4039
4040
4041
4042
4043
4044
4045
4046
4047
4048
4049
4050
4051
4052
4053
4054
4055
4056
4057
4058
4059
4060
4061
4062
4063
4064
4065
4066
4067
4068
4069
4070
4071
4072
4073
4074
4075
4076
4077
4078
4079
4080
4081
4082
4083
4084
4085
4086
4087
4088
4089
4090
4091
4092
4093
4094
4095
4096
4097
4098
4099
4100
4101
4102
4103
4104
4105
4106
4107
4108
4109
4110
4111
4112
4113
4114
4115
4116
4117
4118
4119
4120
4121
4122
4123
4124
4125
4126
4127
4128
4129
4130
4131
4132
4133
4134
4135
4136
4137
4138
4139
4140
4141
4142
4143
4144
4145
4146
4147
4148
4149
4150
4151
4152
4153
4154
4155
4156
4157
4158
4159
4160
4161
4162
4163
4164
4165
4166
4167
4168
4169
4170
4171
4172
4173
4174
4175
4176
4177
4178
4179
4180
4181
4182
4183
4184
4185
4186
4187
4188
4189
4190
4191
4192
4193
4194
4195
4196
4197
4198
4199
4200
4201
4202
4203
4204
4205
4206
4207
4208
4209
4210
4211
4212
4213
4214
4215
4216
4217
4218
4219
4220
4221
4222
4223
4224
4225
4226
4227
4228
4229
4230
4231
4232
4233
4234
4235
4236
4237
4238
4239
4240
4241
4242
4243
4244
4245
4246
4247
4248
4249
4250
4251
4252
4253
4254
4255
4256
4257
4258
4259
4260
4261
4262
4263
4264
4265
4266
4267
4268
4269
4270
4271
4272
4273
4274
4275
4276
4277
4278
4279
4280
4281
4282
4283
4284
4285
4286
4287
4288
4289
4290
4291
4292
4293
4294
4295
4296
4297
4298
4299
4300
4301
4302
4303
4304
4305
4306
4307
4308
4309
4310
4311
4312
4313
4314
4315
4316
4317
4318
4319
4320
4321
4322
4323
4324
4325
4326
4327
4328
4329
4330
4331
4332
4333
4334
4335
4336
4337
4338
4339
4340
4341
4342
4343
4344
4345
4346
4347
4348
4349
4350
4351
4352
4353
4354
4355
4356
4357
4358
4359
4360
4361
4362
4363
4364
4365
4366
4367
4368
4369
4370
4371
4372
4373
4374
4375
4376
4377
4378
4379
4380
4381
4382
4383
4384
4385
4386
4387
4388
4389
4390
4391
4392
4393
4394
4395
4396
4397
4398
4399
4400
4401
4402
4403
4404
4405
4406
4407
4408
4409
4410
4411
4412
4413
4414
4415
4416
4417
4418
4419
4420
4421
4422
4423
4424
4425
4426
4427
4428
4429
4430
4431
4432
4433
4434
4435
4436
4437
4438
4439
4440
4441
4442
4443
4444
4445
4446
4447
4448
4449
4450
4451
4452
4453
4454
4455
4456
4457
4458
4459
4460
4461
4462
4463
4464
4465
4466
4467
4468
4469
4470
4471
4472
4473
4474
4475
4476
4477
4478
4479
4480
4481
4482
4483
4484
4485
4486
4487
4488
4489
4490
4491
4492
4493
4494
4495
4496
4497
4498
4499
4500
4501
4502
4503
4504
4505
4506
4507
4508
4509
4510
4511
4512
4513
4514
4515
4516
4517
4518
4519
4520
4521
4522
4523
4524
4525
4526
4527
4528
4529
4530
4531
4532
4533
4534
4535
4536
4537
4538
4539
4540
4541
4542
4543
4544
4545
4546
4547
4548
4549
4550
4551
4552
4553
4554
4555
4556
4557
4558
4559
4560
4561
4562
4563
4564
4565
4566
4567
4568
4569
4570
4571
4572
4573
4574
4575
4576
4577
4578
4579
4580
4581
4582
4583
4584
4585
4586
4587
4588
4589
4590
4591
4592
4593
4594
4595
4596
4597
4598
4599
4600
4601
4602
4603
4604
4605
4606
4607
4608
4609
4610
4611
4612
4613
4614
4615
4616
4617
4618
4619
4620
4621
4622
4623
4624
4625
4626
4627
4628
4629
4630
4631
4632
4633
4634
4635
4636
4637
4638
4639
4640
4641
4642
4643
4644
4645
4646
4647
4648
4649
4650
4651
4652
4653
4654
4655
4656
4657
4658
4659
4660
4661
4662
4663
4664
4665
4666
4667
4668
4669
4670
4671
4672
4673
4674
4675
4676
4677
4678
4679
4680
4681
4682
4683
4684
4685
4686
4687
4688
4689
4690
4691
4692
4693
4694
4695
4696
4697
4698
4699
4700
4701
4702
4703
4704
4705
4706
4707
4708
4709
4710
4711
4712
4713
4714
4715
4716
4717
4718
4719
4720
4721
4722
4723
4724
4725
4726
4727
4728
4729
4730
4731
4732
4733
4734
4735
4736
4737
4738
4739
4740
4741
4742
4743
4744
4745
4746
4747
4748
4749
4750
4751
4752
4753
4754
4755
4756
4757
4758
4759
4760
4761
4762
4763
4764
4765
4766
4767
4768
4769
4770
4771
4772
4773
4774
4775
4776
4777
4778
4779
4780
4781
4782
4783
4784
4785
4786
4787
4788
4789
4790
4791
4792
4793
4794
4795
4796
4797
4798
4799
4800
4801
4802
4803
4804
4805
4806
4807
4808
4809
4810
4811
4812
4813
4814
4815
4816
4817
4818
4819
4820
4821
4822
4823
4824
4825
4826
4827
4828
4829
4830
4831
4832
4833
4834
4835
4836
4837
4838
4839
4840
4841
4842
4843
4844
4845
4846
4847
4848
4849
4850
4851
4852
4853
4854
4855
4856
4857
4858
4859
4860
4861
4862
4863
4864
4865
4866
4867
4868
4869
4870
4871
4872
4873
4874
4875
4876
4877
4878
4879
4880
4881
4882
4883
4884
4885
4886
4887
4888
4889
4890
4891
4892
4893
4894
4895
4896
4897
4898
4899
4900
4901
4902
4903
4904
4905
4906
4907
4908
4909
4910
4911
4912
4913
4914
4915
4916
4917
4918
4919
4920
4921
4922
4923
4924
4925
4926
4927
4928
4929
4930
4931
4932
4933
4934
4935
4936
4937
4938
4939
4940
4941
4942
4943
4944
4945
4946
4947
4948
4949
4950
4951
4952
4953
4954
4955
4956
4957
4958
4959
4960
4961
4962
4963
4964
4965
4966
4967
4968
4969
4970
4971
4972
4973
4974
4975
4976
4977
4978
4979
4980
4981
4982
4983
4984
4985
4986
4987
4988
4989
4990
4991
4992
4993
4994
4995
4996
4997
4998
4999
5000
5001
5002
5003
5004
5005
5006
5007
5008
5009
5010
5011
5012
5013
5014
5015
5016
5017
5018
5019
5020
5021
5022
5023
5024
5025
5026
5027
5028
5029
5030
5031
5032
5033
5034
5035
5036
5037
5038
5039
5040
5041
5042
5043
5044
5045
5046
5047
5048
5049
5050
5051
5052
5053
5054
5055
5056
5057
5058
5059
5060
5061
5062
5063
5064
5065
5066
5067
5068
5069
5070
5071
5072
5073
5074
5075
5076
5077
5078
5079
5080
5081
5082
5083
5084
5085
5086
5087
5088
5089
5090
5091
5092
5093
5094
5095
5096
5097
5098
5099
5100
5101
5102
5103
5104
5105
5106
5107
5108
5109
5110
5111
5112
5113
5114
5115
5116
5117
5118
5119
5120
5121
5122
5123
5124
5125
5126
5127
5128
5129
5130
5131
5132
5133
5134
5135
5136
5137
5138
5139
5140
5141
5142
5143
5144
5145
5146
5147
5148
5149
5150
5151
5152
5153
5154
5155
5156
5157
5158
5159
5160
5161
5162
5163
5164
5165
5166
5167
5168
5169
5170
5171
5172
5173
5174
5175
5176
5177
5178
5179
5180
5181
5182
5183
5184
5185
5186
5187
5188
5189
5190
5191
5192
5193
5194
5195
5196
5197
5198
5199
5200
5201
5202
5203
5204
5205
5206
5207
5208
5209
5210
5211
5212
5213
5214
5215
5216
5217
5218
5219
5220
5221
5222
5223
5224
5225
5226
5227
5228
5229
5230
5231
5232
5233
5234
5235
5236
5237
5238
5239
5240
5241
5242
5243
5244
5245
5246
5247
5248
5249
5250
5251
5252
5253
5254
5255
5256
5257
5258
5259
5260
5261
5262
5263
5264
5265
5266
5267
5268
5269
5270
5271
5272
5273
5274
5275
5276
5277
5278
5279
5280
5281
5282
5283
5284
5285
5286
5287
5288
5289
5290
5291
5292
5293
5294
5295
5296
5297
5298
5299
5300
5301
5302
5303
5304
5305
5306
5307
5308
5309
5310
5311
5312
5313
5314
5315
5316
5317
5318
5319
5320
5321
5322
5323
5324
5325
5326
5327
5328
5329
5330
5331
5332
5333
5334
5335
5336
5337
5338
5339
5340
5341
5342
5343
5344
5345
5346
5347
5348
5349
5350
5351
5352
5353
5354
5355
5356
5357
5358
5359
5360
5361
5362
5363
5364
5365
5366
5367
5368
5369
5370
5371
5372
5373
5374
5375
5376
5377
5378
5379
5380
5381
5382
5383
5384
5385
5386
5387
5388
5389
5390
5391
5392
5393
5394
5395
5396
5397
5398
5399
5400
5401
5402
5403
5404
5405
5406
5407
5408
5409
5410
5411
5412
5413
5414
5415
5416
5417
5418
5419
5420
5421
5422
5423
5424
5425
5426
5427
5428
5429
5430
5431
5432
5433
5434
5435
5436
5437
5438
5439
5440
5441
5442
5443
5444
5445
5446
5447
5448
5449
5450
5451
5452
5453
5454
5455
5456
5457
5458
5459
5460
5461
5462
5463
5464
5465
5466
5467
5468
5469
5470
5471
5472
5473
5474
5475
5476
5477
5478
5479
5480
5481
5482
5483
5484
5485
5486
5487
5488
5489
5490
5491
5492
5493
5494
5495
5496
5497
5498
5499
5500
5501
5502
5503
5504
5505
5506
5507
5508
5509
5510
5511
5512
5513
5514
5515
5516
5517
5518
5519
5520
5521
5522
5523
5524
5525
5526
5527
5528
5529
5530
5531
5532
5533
5534
5535
5536
5537
5538
5539
5540
5541
5542
5543
5544
5545
5546
5547
5548
5549
5550
5551
5552
5553
5554
5555
5556
5557
5558
5559
5560
5561
5562
5563
5564
5565
5566
5567
5568
5569
5570
5571
5572
5573
5574
5575
5576
5577
5578
5579
5580
5581
5582
5583
5584
5585
5586
5587
5588
5589
5590
5591
5592
5593
5594
5595
5596
5597
5598
5599
5600
5601
5602
5603
5604
5605
5606
5607
5608
5609
5610
5611
5612
5613
5614
5615
5616
5617
5618
5619
5620
5621
5622
5623
5624
5625
5626
5627
5628
5629
5630
5631
5632
5633
5634
5635
5636
5637
5638
5639
5640
5641
5642
5643
5644
5645
5646
5647
5648
5649
5650
5651
5652
5653
5654
5655
5656
5657
5658
5659
5660
5661
5662
5663
5664
5665
5666
5667
5668
5669
5670
5671
5672
5673
5674
5675
5676
5677
5678
5679
5680
5681
5682
5683
5684
5685
5686
5687
5688
5689
5690
5691
5692
5693
5694
5695
5696
5697
5698
5699
5700
5701
5702
5703
5704
5705
5706
5707
5708
5709
5710
5711
5712
5713
5714
5715
5716
5717
5718
5719
5720
5721
5722
5723
5724
5725
5726
5727
5728
5729
5730
5731
5732
5733
5734
5735
5736
5737
5738
5739
5740
5741
5742
5743
5744
5745
5746
5747
5748
5749
5750
5751
5752
5753
5754
5755
5756
5757
5758
5759
5760
5761
5762
5763
5764
5765
5766
5767
5768
5769
5770
5771
5772
5773
5774
5775
5776
5777
5778
5779
5780
5781
5782
5783
5784
5785
5786
5787
5788
5789
5790
5791
5792
5793
5794
5795
5796
5797
5798
5799
5800
5801
5802
5803
5804
5805
5806
5807
5808
5809
5810
5811
5812
5813
5814
5815
5816
5817
5818
5819
5820
5821
5822
5823
5824
5825
5826
5827
5828
5829
5830
5831
5832
5833
5834
5835
5836
5837
5838
5839
5840
5841
5842
5843
5844
5845
5846
5847
5848
5849
5850
5851
5852
5853
5854
5855
5856
5857
5858
5859
5860
5861
5862
5863
5864
5865
5866
5867
5868
5869
5870
5871
5872
5873
5874
5875
5876
5877
5878
5879
5880
5881
5882
5883
5884
5885
5886
5887
5888
5889
5890
5891
5892
5893
5894
5895
5896
5897
5898
5899
5900
5901
5902
5903
5904
5905
5906
5907
5908
5909
5910
5911
5912
5913
5914
5915
5916
5917
5918
5919
5920
5921
5922
5923
5924
5925
5926
5927
5928
5929
5930
5931
5932
5933
5934
5935
5936
5937
5938
5939
5940
5941
5942
5943
5944
5945
5946
5947
5948
5949
5950
5951
5952
5953
5954
5955
5956
5957
5958
5959
5960
5961
5962
5963
5964
5965
5966
5967
5968
5969
5970
5971
5972
5973
5974
5975
5976
5977
5978
5979
5980
5981
5982
5983
5984
5985
5986
5987
5988
5989
5990
5991
5992
5993
5994
5995
5996
5997
5998
5999
6000
6001
6002
6003
6004
6005
6006
6007
6008
6009
6010
6011
6012
6013
6014
6015
6016
6017
6018
6019
6020
6021
6022
6023
6024
6025
6026
6027
6028
6029
6030
6031
6032
6033
6034
6035
6036
6037
6038
6039
6040
6041
6042
6043
6044
6045
6046
6047
6048
6049
6050
6051
6052
6053
6054
6055
6056
6057
6058
6059
6060
6061
6062
6063
6064
6065
6066
6067
6068
6069
6070
6071
6072
6073
6074
6075
6076
6077
6078
6079
6080
6081
6082
6083
6084
6085
6086
6087
6088
6089
6090
6091
6092
6093
6094
6095
6096
6097
6098
6099
6100
6101
6102
6103
6104
6105
6106
6107
6108
6109
6110
6111
6112
6113
6114
6115
6116
6117
6118
6119
6120
6121
6122
6123
6124
6125
6126
6127
6128
6129
6130
6131
6132
6133
6134
6135
6136
6137
6138
6139
6140
6141
6142
6143
6144
6145
6146
6147
6148
6149
6150
6151
6152
6153
6154
6155
6156
6157
6158
6159
6160
6161
6162
6163
6164
6165
6166
6167
6168
6169
6170
6171
6172
6173
6174
6175
6176
6177
6178
6179
6180
6181
6182
6183
6184
6185
6186
6187
6188
6189
6190
6191
6192
6193
6194
6195
6196
6197
6198
6199
6200
6201
6202
6203
6204
6205
6206
6207
6208
6209
6210
6211
6212
6213
6214
6215
6216
6217
6218
6219
6220
6221
6222
6223
6224
6225
6226
6227
6228
6229
6230
6231
6232
6233
6234
6235
6236
6237
6238
6239
6240
6241
6242
6243
6244
6245
6246
6247
6248
6249
6250
6251
6252
6253
6254
6255
6256
6257
6258
6259
6260
6261
6262
6263
6264
6265
6266
6267
6268
6269
6270
6271
6272
6273
6274
6275
6276
6277
6278
6279
6280
6281
6282
6283
6284
6285
6286
6287
6288
6289
6290
6291
6292
6293
6294
6295
6296
6297
6298
6299
6300
6301
6302
6303
6304
6305
6306
6307
6308
6309
6310
6311
6312
6313
6314
6315
6316
6317
6318
6319
6320
6321
6322
6323
6324
6325
6326
6327
6328
6329
6330
6331
6332
6333
6334
6335
6336
6337
6338
6339
6340
6341
6342
6343
6344
6345
6346
6347
6348
6349
6350
6351
6352
6353
6354
6355
6356
6357
6358
6359
6360
6361
6362
6363
6364
6365
6366
6367
6368
6369
6370
6371
6372
6373
6374
6375
6376
6377
6378
6379
6380
6381
6382
6383
6384
6385
6386
6387
6388
6389
6390
6391
6392
6393
6394
6395
6396
6397
6398
6399
6400
6401
6402
6403
6404
6405
6406
6407
6408
6409
6410
6411
6412
6413
6414
6415
6416
6417
6418
6419
6420
6421
6422
6423
6424
6425
6426
6427
6428
6429
6430
6431
6432
6433
6434
6435
6436
6437
6438
6439
6440
6441
6442
6443
6444
6445
6446
6447
6448
6449
6450
6451
6452
6453
6454
6455
6456
6457
6458
6459
6460
6461
6462
6463
6464
6465
6466
6467
6468
6469
6470
6471
6472
6473
6474
6475
6476
6477
6478
6479
6480
6481
6482
6483
6484
6485
6486
6487
6488
6489
6490
6491
6492
6493
6494
6495
6496
6497
6498
6499
6500
6501
6502
6503
6504
6505
6506
6507
6508
6509
6510
6511
6512
6513
6514
6515
6516
6517
6518
6519
6520
6521
6522
6523
6524
6525
6526
6527
6528
6529
6530
6531
6532
6533
6534
6535
6536
6537
6538
6539
6540
6541
6542
6543
6544
6545
6546
6547
6548
6549
6550
6551
6552
6553
6554
6555
6556
6557
6558
6559
6560
6561
6562
6563
6564
6565
6566
6567
6568
6569
6570
6571
6572
6573
6574
6575
6576
6577
6578
6579
6580
6581
6582
6583
6584
6585
6586
6587
6588
6589
6590
6591
6592
6593
6594
6595
6596
6597
6598
6599
6600
6601
6602
6603
6604
6605
6606
6607
6608
6609
6610
6611
6612
6613
6614
6615
6616
6617
6618
6619
6620
6621
6622
6623
6624
6625
6626
6627
6628
6629
6630
6631
6632
6633
6634
6635
6636
6637
6638
6639
6640
6641
6642
6643
6644
6645
6646
6647
6648
6649
6650
6651
6652
6653
6654
6655
6656
6657
6658
6659
6660
6661
6662
6663
6664
6665
6666
6667
6668
6669
6670
6671
6672
6673
6674
6675
6676
6677
6678
6679
6680
6681
6682
6683
6684
6685
6686
6687
6688
6689
6690
6691
6692
6693
6694
6695
6696
6697
6698
6699
6700
6701
6702
6703
6704
6705
6706
6707
6708
6709
6710
6711
6712
6713
6714
6715
6716
6717
6718
6719
6720
6721
6722
6723
6724
6725
6726
6727
6728
6729
6730
6731
6732
6733
6734
6735
6736
6737
6738
6739
6740
6741
6742
6743
6744
6745
6746
6747
6748
6749
6750
6751
6752
6753
6754
6755
6756
6757
6758
6759
6760
6761
6762
6763
6764
6765
6766
6767
6768
6769
6770
6771
6772
6773
6774
6775
6776
6777
6778
6779
6780
6781
6782
6783
6784
6785
6786
6787
6788
6789
6790
6791
6792
6793
6794
6795
6796
6797
6798
6799
6800
6801
6802
6803
6804
6805
6806
6807
6808
6809
6810
6811
6812
6813
6814
6815
6816
6817
6818
6819
6820
6821
6822
6823
6824
6825
6826
6827
6828
6829
6830
6831
6832
6833
6834
6835
6836
6837
6838
6839
6840
6841
6842
6843
6844
6845
6846
6847
6848
6849
6850
6851
6852
6853
6854
6855
6856
6857
6858
6859
6860
6861
6862
6863
6864
6865
6866
6867
6868
6869
6870
6871
6872
6873
6874
6875
6876
6877
6878
6879
6880
6881
6882
6883
6884
6885
6886
6887
6888
6889
6890
6891
6892
6893
6894
6895
6896
6897
6898
6899
6900
6901
6902
6903
6904
6905
6906
6907
6908
6909
6910
6911
6912
6913
6914
6915
6916
6917
6918
6919
6920
6921
6922
6923
6924
6925
6926
6927
6928
6929
6930
6931
6932
6933
6934
6935
6936
6937
6938
6939
6940
6941
6942
6943
6944
6945
6946
6947
6948
6949
6950
6951
6952
6953
6954
6955
6956
6957
6958
6959
6960
6961
6962
6963
6964
6965
6966
6967
6968
6969
6970
6971
6972
6973
6974
6975
6976
6977
6978
6979
6980
6981
6982
6983
6984
6985
6986
6987
6988
6989
6990
6991
6992
6993
6994
6995
6996
6997
6998
6999
7000
7001
7002
7003
7004
7005
7006
7007
7008
7009
7010
7011
7012
7013
7014
7015
7016
7017
7018
7019
7020
7021
7022
7023
7024
7025
7026
7027
7028
7029
7030
7031
7032
7033
7034
7035
7036
7037
7038
7039
7040
7041
7042
7043
7044
7045
7046
7047
7048
7049
7050
7051
7052
7053
7054
7055
7056
7057
7058
7059
7060
7061
7062
7063
7064
7065
7066
7067
7068
7069
7070
7071
7072
7073
7074
7075
7076
7077
7078
7079
7080
7081
7082
7083
7084
7085
7086
7087
7088
7089
7090
7091
7092
7093
7094
7095
7096
7097
7098
7099
7100
7101
7102
7103
7104
7105
7106
7107
7108
7109
7110
7111
7112
7113
7114
7115
7116
7117
7118
7119
7120
7121
7122
7123
7124
7125
7126
7127
7128
7129
7130
7131
7132
7133
7134
7135
7136
7137
7138
7139
7140
7141
7142
7143
7144
7145
7146
7147
7148
7149
7150
7151
7152
7153
7154
7155
7156
7157
7158
7159
7160
7161
7162
7163
7164
7165
7166
7167
7168
7169
7170
7171
7172
7173
7174
7175
7176
7177
7178
7179
7180
7181
7182
7183
7184
7185
7186
7187
7188
7189
7190
7191
7192
7193
7194
7195
7196
7197
7198
7199
7200
7201
7202
7203
7204
7205
7206
7207
7208
7209
7210
7211
7212
7213
7214
7215
7216
7217
7218
7219
7220
7221
7222
7223
7224
7225
7226
7227
7228
7229
7230
7231
7232
7233
7234
7235
7236
7237
7238
7239
7240
7241
7242
7243
7244
7245
7246
7247
7248
7249
7250
7251
7252
7253
7254
7255
7256
7257
7258
7259
7260
7261
7262
7263
7264
7265
7266
7267
7268
7269
7270
7271
7272
7273
7274
7275
7276
7277
7278
7279
7280
7281
7282
7283
7284
7285
7286
7287
7288
7289
7290
7291
7292
7293
7294
7295
7296
7297
7298
7299
7300
7301
7302
7303
7304
7305
7306
7307
7308
7309
7310
7311
7312
7313
7314
7315
7316
7317
7318
7319
7320
7321
7322
7323
7324
7325
7326
7327
7328
7329
7330
7331
7332
7333
7334
7335
7336
7337
7338
7339
7340
7341
7342
7343
7344
7345
7346
7347
7348
7349
7350
7351
7352
7353
7354
7355
7356
7357
7358
7359
7360
7361
7362
7363
7364
7365
7366
7367
7368
7369
7370
7371
7372
7373
7374
7375
7376
7377
7378
7379
7380
7381
7382
7383
7384
7385
7386
7387
7388
7389
7390
7391
7392
7393
7394
7395
7396
7397
7398
7399
7400
7401
7402
7403
7404
7405
7406
7407
7408
7409
7410
7411
7412
7413
7414
7415
7416
7417
7418
7419
7420
7421
7422
7423
7424
7425
7426
7427
7428
7429
7430
7431
7432
7433
7434
7435
7436
7437
7438
7439
7440
7441
7442
7443
7444
7445
7446
7447
7448
7449
7450
7451
7452
7453
7454
7455
7456
7457
7458
7459
7460
7461
7462
7463
7464
7465
7466
7467
7468
7469
7470
7471
7472
7473
7474
7475
7476
7477
7478
7479
7480
7481
7482
7483
7484
7485
7486
7487
7488
7489
7490
7491
7492
7493
7494
7495
7496
7497
7498
7499
7500
7501
7502
7503
7504
7505
7506
7507
7508
7509
7510
7511
7512
7513
7514
7515
7516
7517
7518
7519
7520
7521
7522
7523
7524
7525
7526
7527
7528
7529
7530
7531
7532
7533
7534
7535
7536
7537
7538
7539
7540
7541
7542
7543
7544
7545
7546
7547
7548
7549
7550
7551
7552
7553
7554
7555
7556
7557
7558
7559
7560
7561
7562
7563
7564
7565
7566
7567
7568
7569
7570
7571
7572
7573
7574
7575
7576
7577
7578
7579
7580
7581
7582
7583
7584
7585
7586
7587
7588
7589
7590
7591
7592
7593
7594
7595
7596
7597
7598
7599
7600
7601
7602
7603
7604
7605
7606
7607
7608
7609
7610
7611
7612
7613
7614
7615
7616
7617
7618
7619
7620
7621
7622
7623
7624
7625
7626
7627
7628
7629
7630
7631
7632
7633
7634
7635
7636
7637
7638
7639
7640
7641
7642
7643
7644
7645
7646
7647
7648
7649
7650
7651
7652
7653
7654
7655
7656
7657
7658
7659
7660
7661
7662
7663
7664
7665
7666
7667
7668
7669
7670
7671
7672
7673
7674
7675
7676
7677
7678
7679
7680
7681
7682
7683
7684
7685
7686
7687
7688
7689
7690
7691
7692
7693
7694
7695
7696
7697
7698
7699
7700
7701
7702
7703
7704
7705
7706
7707
7708
7709
7710
7711
7712
7713
7714
7715
7716
7717
7718
7719
7720
7721
7722
7723
7724
7725
7726
7727
7728
7729
7730
7731
7732
7733
7734
7735
7736
7737
7738
7739
7740
7741
7742
7743
7744
7745
7746
7747
7748
7749
7750
7751
7752
7753
7754
7755
7756
7757
7758
7759
7760
7761
7762
7763
7764
7765
7766
7767
7768
7769
7770
7771
7772
7773
7774
7775
7776
7777
7778
7779
7780
7781
7782
7783
7784
7785
7786
7787
7788
7789
7790
7791
7792
7793
7794
7795
7796
7797
7798
7799
7800
7801
7802
7803
7804
7805
7806
7807
7808
7809
7810
7811
7812
7813
7814
7815
7816
7817
7818
7819
7820
7821
7822
7823
7824
7825
7826
7827
7828
7829
7830
7831
7832
7833
7834
7835
7836
7837
7838
7839
7840
7841
7842
7843
7844
7845
7846
7847
7848
7849
7850
7851
7852
7853
7854
7855
7856
7857
7858
7859
7860
7861
7862
7863
7864
7865
7866
7867
7868
7869
7870
7871
7872
7873
7874
7875
7876
7877
7878
7879
7880
7881
7882
7883
7884
7885
7886
7887
7888
7889
7890
7891
7892
7893
7894
7895
7896
7897
7898
7899
7900
7901
7902
7903
7904
7905
7906
7907
7908
7909
7910
7911
7912
7913
7914
7915
7916
7917
7918
7919
7920
7921
7922
7923
7924
7925
7926
7927
7928
7929
7930
7931
7932
7933
7934
7935
7936
7937
7938
7939
7940
7941
7942
7943
7944
7945
7946
7947
7948
7949
7950
7951
7952
//! This library describes the API surface of WebGPU that is agnostic of the backend.
//! This API is used for targeting both Web and Native.

#![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_cfg, doc_auto_cfg))]
#![allow(
    // We don't use syntax sugar where it's not necessary.
    clippy::match_like_matches_macro,
)]
#![warn(clippy::ptr_as_ptr, missing_docs, unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]

#[cfg(any(feature = "serde", test))]
use serde::Deserialize;
#[cfg(any(feature = "serde", test))]
use serde::Serialize;
use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
use std::mem::size_of;
use std::path::PathBuf;
use std::{num::NonZeroU32, ops::Range};

pub mod assertions;
mod counters;
pub mod math;

pub use counters::*;

/// Integral type used for buffer offsets.
pub type BufferAddress = u64;
/// Integral type used for buffer slice sizes.
pub type BufferSize = std::num::NonZeroU64;
/// Integral type used for binding locations in shaders.
pub type ShaderLocation = u32;
/// Integral type used for dynamic bind group offsets.
pub type DynamicOffset = u32;

/// Buffer-Texture copies must have [`bytes_per_row`] aligned to this number.
///
/// This doesn't apply to [`Queue::write_texture`][Qwt].
///
/// [`bytes_per_row`]: TexelCopyBufferLayout::bytes_per_row
/// [Qwt]: ../wgpu/struct.Queue.html#method.write_texture
pub const COPY_BYTES_PER_ROW_ALIGNMENT: u32 = 256;
/// An offset into the query resolve buffer has to be aligned to this.
pub const QUERY_RESOLVE_BUFFER_ALIGNMENT: BufferAddress = 256;
/// Buffer to buffer copy as well as buffer clear offsets and sizes must be aligned to this number.
pub const COPY_BUFFER_ALIGNMENT: BufferAddress = 4;
/// Size to align mappings.
pub const MAP_ALIGNMENT: BufferAddress = 8;
/// Vertex buffer strides have to be aligned to this number.
pub const VERTEX_STRIDE_ALIGNMENT: BufferAddress = 4;
/// Alignment all push constants need
pub const PUSH_CONSTANT_ALIGNMENT: u32 = 4;
/// Maximum queries in a query set
pub const QUERY_SET_MAX_QUERIES: u32 = 4096;
/// Size of a single piece of query data.
pub const QUERY_SIZE: u32 = 8;

/// Backends supported by wgpu.
#[repr(u8)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub enum Backend {
    /// Dummy backend, used for testing.
    Empty = 0,
    /// Vulkan API (Windows, Linux, Android, MacOS via `vulkan-portability`/MoltenVK)
    Vulkan = 1,
    /// Metal API (Apple platforms)
    Metal = 2,
    /// Direct3D-12 (Windows)
    Dx12 = 3,
    /// OpenGL 3.3+ (Windows), OpenGL ES 3.0+ (Linux, Android, MacOS via Angle), and WebGL2
    Gl = 4,
    /// WebGPU in the browser
    BrowserWebGpu = 5,
}

impl Backend {
    /// Returns the string name of the backend.
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn to_str(self) -> &'static str {
        match self {
            Backend::Empty => "empty",
            Backend::Vulkan => "vulkan",
            Backend::Metal => "metal",
            Backend::Dx12 => "dx12",
            Backend::Gl => "gl",
            Backend::BrowserWebGpu => "webgpu",
        }
    }
}

impl std::fmt::Display for Backend {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        f.write_str(self.to_str())
    }
}

/// Power Preference when choosing a physical adapter.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUPowerPreference`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gpupowerpreference).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Default)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "kebab-case"))]
pub enum PowerPreference {
    #[default]
    /// Power usage is not considered when choosing an adapter.
    None = 0,
    /// Adapter that uses the least possible power. This is often an integrated GPU.
    LowPower = 1,
    /// Adapter that has the highest performance. This is often a discrete GPU.
    HighPerformance = 2,
}

bitflags::bitflags! {
    /// Represents the backends that wgpu will use.
    #[repr(transparent)]
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(transparent))]
    #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
    pub struct Backends: u32 {
        /// Supported on Windows, Linux/Android, and macOS/iOS via Vulkan Portability (with the Vulkan feature enabled)
        const VULKAN = 1 << Backend::Vulkan as u32;
        /// Supported on Linux/Android, the web through webassembly via WebGL, and Windows and
        /// macOS/iOS via ANGLE
        const GL = 1 << Backend::Gl as u32;
        /// Supported on macOS/iOS
        const METAL = 1 << Backend::Metal as u32;
        /// Supported on Windows 10 and later
        const DX12 = 1 << Backend::Dx12 as u32;
        /// Supported when targeting the web through webassembly with the `webgpu` feature enabled.
        ///
        /// The WebGPU backend is special in several ways:
        /// It is not not implemented by `wgpu_core` and instead by the higher level `wgpu` crate.
        /// Whether WebGPU is targeted is decided upon the creation of the `wgpu::Instance`,
        /// *not* upon adapter creation. See `wgpu::Instance::new`.
        const BROWSER_WEBGPU = 1 << Backend::BrowserWebGpu as u32;
        /// All the apis that wgpu offers first tier of support for.
        ///
        /// * [`Backends::VULKAN`]
        /// * [`Backends::METAL`]
        /// * [`Backends::DX12`]
        /// * [`Backends::BROWSER_WEBGPU`]
        const PRIMARY = Self::VULKAN.bits()
            | Self::METAL.bits()
            | Self::DX12.bits()
            | Self::BROWSER_WEBGPU.bits();
        /// All the apis that wgpu offers second tier of support for. These may
        /// be unsupported/still experimental.
        ///
        /// * [`Backends::GL`]
        const SECONDARY = Self::GL.bits();
    }
}

impl Default for Backends {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::all()
    }
}

impl From<Backend> for Backends {
    fn from(backend: Backend) -> Self {
        Self::from_bits(1 << backend as u32).unwrap()
    }
}

/// Options for requesting adapter.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPURequestAdapterOptions`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpurequestadapteroptions).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub struct RequestAdapterOptions<S> {
    /// Power preference for the adapter.
    pub power_preference: PowerPreference,
    /// Indicates that only a fallback adapter can be returned. This is generally a "software"
    /// implementation on the system.
    pub force_fallback_adapter: bool,
    /// Surface that is required to be presentable with the requested adapter. This does not
    /// create the surface, only guarantees that the adapter can present to said surface.
    /// For WebGL, this is strictly required, as an adapter can not be created without a surface.
    pub compatible_surface: Option<S>,
}

impl<S> Default for RequestAdapterOptions<S> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            power_preference: PowerPreference::default(),
            force_fallback_adapter: false,
            compatible_surface: None,
        }
    }
}

//TODO: make robust resource access configurable

bitflags::bitflags! {
    /// Features that are not guaranteed to be supported.
    ///
    /// These are either part of the webgpu standard, or are extension features supported by
    /// wgpu when targeting native.
    ///
    /// If you want to use a feature, you need to first verify that the adapter supports
    /// the feature. If the adapter does not support the feature, requesting a device with it enabled
    /// will panic.
    ///
    /// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUFeatureName`](
    /// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gpufeaturename).
    #[repr(transparent)]
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(transparent))]
    #[derive(Default, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
    pub struct Features: u64 {
        //
        // ---- Start numbering at 1 << 0 ----
        //
        // WebGPU features:
        //

        // API:

        /// By default, polygon depth is clipped to 0-1 range before/during rasterization.
        /// Anything outside of that range is rejected, and respective fragments are not touched.
        ///
        /// With this extension, we can disabling clipping. That allows
        /// shadow map occluders to be rendered into a tighter depth range.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - desktops
        /// - some mobile chips
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        const DEPTH_CLIP_CONTROL = 1 << 0;

        /// Allows for explicit creation of textures of format [`TextureFormat::Depth32FloatStencil8`]
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan (mostly)
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal
        /// - OpenGL
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        const DEPTH32FLOAT_STENCIL8 = 1 << 1;

        /// Enables BCn family of compressed textures. All BCn textures use 4x4 pixel blocks
        /// with 8 or 16 bytes per block.
        ///
        /// Compressed textures sacrifice some quality in exchange for significantly reduced
        /// bandwidth usage.
        ///
        /// Support for this feature guarantees availability of [`TextureUsages::COPY_SRC | TextureUsages::COPY_DST | TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING`] for BCn formats.
        /// [`Features::TEXTURE_ADAPTER_SPECIFIC_FORMAT_FEATURES`] may enable additional usages.
        ///
        /// This feature guarantees availability of sliced-3d textures for BC formats when combined with TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC_SLICED_3D.
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - desktops
        /// - Mobile (All Apple9 and some Apple7 and Apple8 devices)
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        const TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC = 1 << 2;


        /// Allows the 3d dimension for textures with BC compressed formats.
        ///
        /// This feature must be used in combination with TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC to enable 3D textures with BC compression.
        /// It does not enable the BC formats by itself.
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - desktops
        /// - Mobile (All Apple9 and some Apple7 and Apple8 devices)
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        const TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC_SLICED_3D = 1 << 3;

        /// Enables ETC family of compressed textures. All ETC textures use 4x4 pixel blocks.
        /// ETC2 RGB and RGBA1 are 8 bytes per block. RTC2 RGBA8 and EAC are 16 bytes per block.
        ///
        /// Compressed textures sacrifice some quality in exchange for significantly reduced
        /// bandwidth usage.
        ///
        /// Support for this feature guarantees availability of [`TextureUsages::COPY_SRC | TextureUsages::COPY_DST | TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING`] for ETC2 formats.
        /// [`Features::TEXTURE_ADAPTER_SPECIFIC_FORMAT_FEATURES`] may enable additional usages.
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Vulkan on Intel
        /// - Mobile (some)
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        const TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ETC2 = 1 << 4;

        /// Enables ASTC family of compressed textures. ASTC textures use pixel blocks varying from 4x4 to 12x12.
        /// Blocks are always 16 bytes.
        ///
        /// Compressed textures sacrifice some quality in exchange for significantly reduced
        /// bandwidth usage.
        ///
        /// Support for this feature guarantees availability of [`TextureUsages::COPY_SRC | TextureUsages::COPY_DST | TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING`] for ASTC formats with Unorm/UnormSrgb channel type.
        /// [`Features::TEXTURE_ADAPTER_SPECIFIC_FORMAT_FEATURES`] may enable additional usages.
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Vulkan on Intel
        /// - Mobile (some)
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        const TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC = 1 << 5;

        /// Enables use of Timestamp Queries. These queries tell the current gpu timestamp when
        /// all work before the query is finished.
        ///
        /// This feature allows the use of
        /// - [`RenderPassDescriptor::timestamp_writes`]
        /// - [`ComputePassDescriptor::timestamp_writes`]
        /// to write out timestamps.
        ///
        /// For arbitrary timestamp write commands on encoders refer to [`Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY_INSIDE_ENCODERS`].
        /// For arbitrary timestamp write commands on passes refer to [`Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY_INSIDE_PASSES`].
        ///
        /// They must be resolved using [`CommandEncoder::resolve_query_set`] into a buffer,
        /// then the result must be multiplied by the timestamp period [`Queue::get_timestamp_period`]
        /// to get the timestamp in nanoseconds. Multiple timestamps can then be diffed to get the
        /// time for operations between them to finish.
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        const TIMESTAMP_QUERY = 1 << 6;

        /// Allows non-zero value for the `first_instance` member in indirect draw calls.
        ///
        /// If this feature is not enabled, and the `first_instance` member is non-zero, the behavior may be:
        /// - The draw call is ignored.
        /// - The draw call is executed as if the `first_instance` is zero.
        /// - The draw call is executed with the correct `first_instance` value.
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Vulkan (mostly)
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal on Apple3+ or Mac1+
        /// - OpenGL (Desktop 4.2+ with ARB_shader_draw_parameters only)
        ///
        /// Not Supported:
        /// - OpenGL ES / WebGL
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        const INDIRECT_FIRST_INSTANCE = 1 << 7;

        /// Allows shaders to acquire the FP16 ability
        ///
        /// Note: this is not supported in `naga` yet, only through `spirv-passthrough` right now.
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - Metal
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        const SHADER_F16 = 1 << 8;


        /// Allows for usage of textures of format [`TextureFormat::Rg11b10Ufloat`] as a render target
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        const RG11B10UFLOAT_RENDERABLE = 1 << 9;

        /// Allows the [`wgpu::TextureUsages::STORAGE_BINDING`] usage on textures with format [`TextureFormat::Bgra8unorm`]
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        const BGRA8UNORM_STORAGE = 1 << 10;


        /// Allows textures with formats "r32float", "rg32float", and "rgba32float" to be filterable.
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Vulkan (mainly on Desktop GPUs)
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal on macOS or Apple9+ GPUs, optional on iOS/iPadOS with Apple7/8 GPUs
        /// - GL with one of `GL_ARB_color_buffer_float`/`GL_EXT_color_buffer_float`/`OES_texture_float_linear`
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        const FLOAT32_FILTERABLE = 1 << 11;

        // Bits 12-19 available for webgpu features. Should you chose to use some of them for
        // for native features, don't forget to update `all_webgpu_mask` and `all_native_mask`
        // accordingly.

        //
        // ---- Restart Numbering for Native Features ---
        //
        // Native Features:
        //

        // The features starting with a ? are features that might become part of the spec or
        // at the very least we can implement as native features; since they should cover all
        // possible formats and capabilities across backends.
        //
        // ? const FORMATS_TIER_1 = 1 << ??; (https://github.com/gpuweb/gpuweb/issues/3837)
        // ? const RW_STORAGE_TEXTURE_TIER_1 = 1 << ??; (https://github.com/gpuweb/gpuweb/issues/3838)
        // ? const NORM16_FILTERABLE = 1 << ??; (https://github.com/gpuweb/gpuweb/issues/3839)
        // ? const NORM16_RESOLVE = 1 << ??; (https://github.com/gpuweb/gpuweb/issues/3839)
        // ? const FLOAT32_BLENDABLE = 1 << ??; (https://github.com/gpuweb/gpuweb/issues/3556)
        // ? const 32BIT_FORMAT_MULTISAMPLE = 1 << ??; (https://github.com/gpuweb/gpuweb/issues/3844)
        // ? const 32BIT_FORMAT_RESOLVE = 1 << ??; (https://github.com/gpuweb/gpuweb/issues/3844)
        // ? const TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC_HDR = 1 << ??; (https://github.com/gpuweb/gpuweb/issues/3856)
        // TEXTURE_FORMAT_16BIT_NORM & TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC_HDR will most likely become web features as well
        // TEXTURE_ADAPTER_SPECIFIC_FORMAT_FEATURES might not be necessary if we have all the texture features implemented

        // Texture Formats:

        /// Enables normalized `16-bit` texture formats.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const TEXTURE_FORMAT_16BIT_NORM = 1 << 20;
        /// Enables ASTC HDR family of compressed textures.
        ///
        /// Compressed textures sacrifice some quality in exchange for significantly reduced
        /// bandwidth usage.
        ///
        /// Support for this feature guarantees availability of [`TextureUsages::COPY_SRC | TextureUsages::COPY_DST | TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING`] for ASTC formats with the HDR channel type.
        /// [`Features::TEXTURE_ADAPTER_SPECIFIC_FORMAT_FEATURES`] may enable additional usages.
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Metal
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - OpenGL
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC_HDR = 1 << 21;
        /// Enables device specific texture format features.
        ///
        /// See `TextureFormatFeatures` for a listing of the features in question.
        ///
        /// By default only texture format properties as defined by the WebGPU specification are allowed.
        /// Enabling this feature flag extends the features of each format to the ones supported by the current device.
        /// Note that without this flag, read/write storage access is not allowed at all.
        ///
        /// This extension does not enable additional formats.
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const TEXTURE_ADAPTER_SPECIFIC_FORMAT_FEATURES = 1 << 22;

        // API:

        /// Enables use of Pipeline Statistics Queries. These queries tell the count of various operations
        /// performed between the start and stop call. Call [`RenderPass::begin_pipeline_statistics_query`] to start
        /// a query, then call [`RenderPass::end_pipeline_statistics_query`] to stop one.
        ///
        /// They must be resolved using [`CommandEncoder::resolve_query_set`] into a buffer.
        /// The rules on how these resolve into buffers are detailed in the documentation for [`PipelineStatisticsTypes`].
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature with a [proposal](https://github.com/gpuweb/gpuweb/blob/0008bd30da2366af88180b511a5d0d0c1dffbc36/proposals/pipeline-statistics-query.md) for the web.
        const PIPELINE_STATISTICS_QUERY = 1 << 23;
        /// Allows for timestamp queries directly on command encoders.
        ///
        /// Implies [`Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY`] is supported.
        ///
        /// Additionally allows for timestamp writes on command encoders
        /// using  [`CommandEncoder::write_timestamp`].
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const TIMESTAMP_QUERY_INSIDE_ENCODERS = 1 << 24;
        /// Allows for timestamp queries directly on command encoders.
        ///
        /// Implies [`Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY`] & [`Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY_INSIDE_ENCODERS`] is supported.
        ///
        /// Additionally allows for timestamp queries to be used inside render & compute passes using:
        /// - [`RenderPass::write_timestamp`]
        /// - [`ComputePass::write_timestamp`]
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal (AMD & Intel, not Apple GPUs)
        ///
        /// This is generally not available on tile-based rasterization GPUs.
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature with a [proposal](https://github.com/gpuweb/gpuweb/blob/0008bd30da2366af88180b511a5d0d0c1dffbc36/proposals/timestamp-query-inside-passes.md) for the web.
        const TIMESTAMP_QUERY_INSIDE_PASSES = 1 << 25;
        /// Webgpu only allows the MAP_READ and MAP_WRITE buffer usage to be matched with
        /// COPY_DST and COPY_SRC respectively. This removes this requirement.
        ///
        /// This is only beneficial on systems that share memory between CPU and GPU. If enabled
        /// on a system that doesn't, this can severely hinder performance. Only use if you understand
        /// the consequences.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const MAPPABLE_PRIMARY_BUFFERS = 1 << 26;
        /// Allows the user to create uniform arrays of textures in shaders:
        ///
        /// ex.
        /// - `var textures: binding_array<texture_2d<f32>, 10>` (WGSL)
        /// - `uniform texture2D textures[10]` (GLSL)
        ///
        /// If [`Features::STORAGE_RESOURCE_BINDING_ARRAY`] is supported as well as this, the user
        /// may also create uniform arrays of storage textures.
        ///
        /// ex.
        /// - `var textures: array<texture_storage_2d<r32float, write>, 10>` (WGSL)
        /// - `uniform image2D textures[10]` (GLSL)
        ///
        /// This capability allows them to exist and to be indexed by dynamically uniform
        /// values.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal (with MSL 2.0+ on macOS 10.13+)
        /// - Vulkan
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const TEXTURE_BINDING_ARRAY = 1 << 27;
        /// Allows the user to create arrays of buffers in shaders:
        ///
        /// ex.
        /// - `var<uniform> buffer_array: array<MyBuffer, 10>` (WGSL)
        /// - `uniform myBuffer { ... } buffer_array[10]` (GLSL)
        ///
        /// This capability allows them to exist and to be indexed by dynamically uniform
        /// values.
        ///
        /// If [`Features::STORAGE_RESOURCE_BINDING_ARRAY`] is supported as well as this, the user
        /// may also create arrays of storage buffers.
        ///
        /// ex.
        /// - `var<storage> buffer_array: array<MyBuffer, 10>` (WGSL)
        /// - `buffer myBuffer { ... } buffer_array[10]` (GLSL)
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const BUFFER_BINDING_ARRAY = 1 << 28;
        /// Allows the user to create uniform arrays of storage buffers or textures in shaders,
        /// if resp. [`Features::BUFFER_BINDING_ARRAY`] or [`Features::TEXTURE_BINDING_ARRAY`]
        /// is supported.
        ///
        /// This capability allows them to exist and to be indexed by dynamically uniform
        /// values.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Metal (with MSL 2.2+ on macOS 10.13+)
        /// - Vulkan
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const STORAGE_RESOURCE_BINDING_ARRAY = 1 << 29;
        /// Allows shaders to index sampled texture and storage buffer resource arrays with dynamically non-uniform values:
        ///
        /// ex. `texture_array[vertex_data]`
        ///
        /// In order to use this capability, the corresponding GLSL extension must be enabled like so:
        ///
        /// `#extension GL_EXT_nonuniform_qualifier : require`
        ///
        /// and then used either as `nonuniformEXT` qualifier in variable declaration:
        ///
        /// ex. `layout(location = 0) nonuniformEXT flat in int vertex_data;`
        ///
        /// or as `nonuniformEXT` constructor:
        ///
        /// ex. `texture_array[nonuniformEXT(vertex_data)]`
        ///
        /// WGSL and HLSL do not need any extension.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal (with MSL 2.0+ on macOS 10.13+)
        /// - Vulkan 1.2+ (or VK_EXT_descriptor_indexing)'s shaderSampledImageArrayNonUniformIndexing & shaderStorageBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing feature)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const SAMPLED_TEXTURE_AND_STORAGE_BUFFER_ARRAY_NON_UNIFORM_INDEXING = 1 << 30;
        /// Allows shaders to index uniform buffer and storage texture resource arrays with dynamically non-uniform values:
        ///
        /// ex. `texture_array[vertex_data]`
        ///
        /// In order to use this capability, the corresponding GLSL extension must be enabled like so:
        ///
        /// `#extension GL_EXT_nonuniform_qualifier : require`
        ///
        /// and then used either as `nonuniformEXT` qualifier in variable declaration:
        ///
        /// ex. `layout(location = 0) nonuniformEXT flat in int vertex_data;`
        ///
        /// or as `nonuniformEXT` constructor:
        ///
        /// ex. `texture_array[nonuniformEXT(vertex_data)]`
        ///
        /// WGSL and HLSL do not need any extension.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal (with MSL 2.0+ on macOS 10.13+)
        /// - Vulkan 1.2+ (or VK_EXT_descriptor_indexing)'s shaderUniformBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing & shaderStorageTextureArrayNonUniformIndexing feature)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const UNIFORM_BUFFER_AND_STORAGE_TEXTURE_ARRAY_NON_UNIFORM_INDEXING = 1 << 31;
        /// Allows the user to create bind groups containing arrays with less bindings than the BindGroupLayout.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const PARTIALLY_BOUND_BINDING_ARRAY = 1 << 32;
        /// Allows the user to call [`RenderPass::multi_draw_indirect`] and [`RenderPass::multi_draw_indexed_indirect`].
        ///
        /// Allows multiple indirect calls to be dispatched from a single buffer.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - DX12
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - Metal on Apple3+ or Mac1+ (Emulated on top of `draw_indirect` and `draw_indexed_indirect`)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        ///
        /// [`RenderPass::multi_draw_indirect`]: ../wgpu/struct.RenderPass.html#method.multi_draw_indirect
        /// [`RenderPass::multi_draw_indexed_indirect`]: ../wgpu/struct.RenderPass.html#method.multi_draw_indexed_indirect
        const MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT = 1 << 33;
        /// Allows the user to call [`RenderPass::multi_draw_indirect_count`] and [`RenderPass::multi_draw_indexed_indirect_count`].
        ///
        /// This allows the use of a buffer containing the actual number of draw calls.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - DX12
        /// - Vulkan 1.2+ (or VK_KHR_draw_indirect_count)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        ///
        /// [`RenderPass::multi_draw_indirect_count`]: ../wgpu/struct.RenderPass.html#method.multi_draw_indirect_count
        /// [`RenderPass::multi_draw_indexed_indirect_count`]: ../wgpu/struct.RenderPass.html#method.multi_draw_indexed_indirect_count
        const MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT_COUNT = 1 << 34;
        /// Allows the use of push constants: small, fast bits of memory that can be updated
        /// inside a [`RenderPass`].
        ///
        /// Allows the user to call [`RenderPass::set_push_constants`], provide a non-empty array
        /// to [`PipelineLayoutDescriptor`], and provide a non-zero limit to [`Limits::max_push_constant_size`].
        ///
        /// A block of push constants can be declared in WGSL with `var<push_constant>`:
        ///
        /// ```rust,ignore
        /// struct PushConstants { example: f32, }
        /// var<push_constant> c: PushConstants;
        /// ```
        ///
        /// In GLSL, this corresponds to `layout(push_constant) uniform Name {..}`.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - DX12
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - Metal
        /// - OpenGL (emulated with uniforms)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        ///
        /// [`RenderPass`]: ../wgpu/struct.RenderPass.html
        /// [`PipelineLayoutDescriptor`]: ../wgpu/struct.PipelineLayoutDescriptor.html
        /// [`RenderPass::set_push_constants`]: ../wgpu/struct.RenderPass.html#method.set_push_constants
        const PUSH_CONSTANTS = 1 << 35;
        /// Allows the use of [`AddressMode::ClampToBorder`] with a border color
        /// of [`SamplerBorderColor::Zero`].
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - DX12
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - Metal
        /// - OpenGL
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_ZERO = 1 << 36;
        /// Allows the use of [`AddressMode::ClampToBorder`] with a border color
        /// other than [`SamplerBorderColor::Zero`].
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - DX12
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - Metal (macOS 10.12+ only)
        /// - OpenGL
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_BORDER = 1 << 37;
        /// Allows the user to set [`PolygonMode::Line`] in [`PrimitiveState::polygon_mode`]
        ///
        /// This allows drawing polygons/triangles as lines (wireframe) instead of filled
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - DX12
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - Metal
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const POLYGON_MODE_LINE = 1 << 38;
        /// Allows the user to set [`PolygonMode::Point`] in [`PrimitiveState::polygon_mode`]
        ///
        /// This allows only drawing the vertices of polygons/triangles instead of filled
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const POLYGON_MODE_POINT = 1 << 39;
        /// Allows the user to set a overestimation-conservative-rasterization in [`PrimitiveState::conservative`]
        ///
        /// Processing of degenerate triangles/lines is hardware specific.
        /// Only triangles are supported.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const CONSERVATIVE_RASTERIZATION = 1 << 40;
        /// Enables bindings of writable storage buffers and textures visible to vertex shaders.
        ///
        /// Note: some (tiled-based) platforms do not support vertex shaders with any side-effects.
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - All
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const VERTEX_WRITABLE_STORAGE = 1 << 41;
        /// Enables clear to zero for textures.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - All
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const CLEAR_TEXTURE = 1 << 42;
        /// Enables creating shader modules from SPIR-V binary data (unsafe).
        ///
        /// SPIR-V data is not parsed or interpreted in any way; you can use
        /// [`wgpu::make_spirv_raw!`] to check for alignment and magic number when converting from
        /// raw bytes.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan, in case shader's requested capabilities and extensions agree with
        /// Vulkan implementation.
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const SPIRV_SHADER_PASSTHROUGH = 1 << 43;
        /// Enables multiview render passes and `builtin(view_index)` in vertex shaders.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - OpenGL (web only)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const MULTIVIEW = 1 << 44;
        /// Enables using 64-bit types for vertex attributes.
        ///
        /// Requires SHADER_FLOAT64.
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms: N/A
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_64BIT = 1 << 45;
        /// Allows for creation of textures of format [`TextureFormat::NV12`]
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - DX12
        /// - Vulkan
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const TEXTURE_FORMAT_NV12 = 1 << 47;
        /// ***THIS IS EXPERIMENTAL:*** Features enabled by this may have
        /// major bugs in them and are expected to be subject to breaking changes, suggestions
        /// for the API exposed by this should be posted on [the ray-tracing issue](https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu/issues/1040)
        ///
        /// Allows for the creation of ray-tracing acceleration structures. Currently,
        /// ray-tracing acceleration structures are only useful when used with [Features::EXPERIMENTAL_RAY_QUERY]
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        ///
        /// This is a native-only feature.
        const EXPERIMENTAL_RAY_TRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE = 1 << 48;

        // Shader:

        /// ***THIS IS EXPERIMENTAL:*** Features enabled by this may have
        /// major bugs in it and are expected to be subject to breaking changes, suggestions
        /// for the API exposed by this should be posted on [the ray-tracing issue](https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu/issues/1040)
        ///
        /// Allows for the creation of ray-tracing queries within shaders.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        ///
        /// This is a native-only feature.
        const EXPERIMENTAL_RAY_QUERY = 1 << 49;
        /// Enables 64-bit floating point types in SPIR-V shaders.
        ///
        /// Note: even when supported by GPU hardware, 64-bit floating point operations are
        /// frequently between 16 and 64 _times_ slower than equivalent operations on 32-bit floats.
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const SHADER_F64 = 1 << 50;
        /// Allows shaders to use i16. Not currently supported in `naga`, only available through `spirv-passthrough`.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const SHADER_I16 = 1 << 51;
        /// Enables `builtin(primitive_index)` in fragment shaders.
        ///
        /// Note: enables geometry processing for pipelines using the builtin.
        /// This may come with a significant performance impact on some hardware.
        /// Other pipelines are not affected.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal (some)
        /// - OpenGL (some)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const SHADER_PRIMITIVE_INDEX = 1 << 52;
        /// Allows shaders to use the `early_depth_test` attribute.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - GLES 3.1+
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const SHADER_EARLY_DEPTH_TEST = 1 << 53;
        /// Allows two outputs from a shader to be used for blending.
        /// Note that dual-source blending doesn't support multiple render targets.
        ///
        /// For more info see the OpenGL ES extension GL_EXT_blend_func_extended.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - OpenGL ES (with GL_EXT_blend_func_extended)
        /// - Metal (with MSL 1.2+)
        /// - Vulkan (with dualSrcBlend)
        /// - DX12
        const DUAL_SOURCE_BLENDING = 1 << 54;
        /// Allows shaders to use i64 and u64.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12 (DXC only)
        /// - Metal (with MSL 2.3+)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const SHADER_INT64 = 1 << 55;
        /// Allows compute and fragment shaders to use the subgroup operation built-ins
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const SUBGROUP = 1 << 56;
        /// Allows vertex shaders to use the subgroup operation built-ins
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const SUBGROUP_VERTEX = 1 << 57;
        /// Allows shaders to use the subgroup barrier
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - Metal
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const SUBGROUP_BARRIER = 1 << 58;
        /// Allows the use of pipeline cache objects
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        ///
        /// Unimplemented Platforms:
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal
        const PIPELINE_CACHE = 1 << 59;
        /// Allows shaders to use i64 and u64 atomic min and max.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan (with VK_KHR_shader_atomic_int64)
        /// - DX12 (with SM 6.6+)
        /// - Metal (with MSL 2.4+)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const SHADER_INT64_ATOMIC_MIN_MAX = 1 << 60;
        /// Allows shaders to use all i64 and u64 atomic operations.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan (with VK_KHR_shader_atomic_int64)
        /// - DX12 (with SM 6.6+)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        const SHADER_INT64_ATOMIC_ALL_OPS = 1 << 61;
        /// Allows using the [VK_GOOGLE_display_timing] Vulkan extension.
        ///
        /// This is used for frame pacing to reduce latency, and is generally only available on Android.
        ///
        /// This feature does not have a `wgpu`-level API, and so users of wgpu wishing
        /// to use this functionality must access it using various `as_hal` functions,
        /// primarily [`Surface::as_hal()`], to then use.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan (with [VK_GOOGLE_display_timing])
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        ///
        /// [VK_GOOGLE_display_timing]: https://registry.khronos.org/vulkan/specs/1.3-extensions/man/html/VK_GOOGLE_display_timing.html
        /// [`Surface::as_hal()`]: https://docs.rs/wgpu/latest/wgpu/struct.Surface.html#method.as_hal
        const VULKAN_GOOGLE_DISPLAY_TIMING = 1 << 62;
    }
}

impl Features {
    /// Mask of all features which are part of the upstream WebGPU standard.
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn all_webgpu_mask() -> Self {
        Self::from_bits_truncate(0xFFFFF)
    }

    /// Mask of all features that are only available when targeting native (not web).
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn all_native_mask() -> Self {
        Self::from_bits_truncate(!Self::all_webgpu_mask().bits())
    }

    /// Vertex formats allowed for creating and building BLASes
    #[must_use]
    pub fn allowed_vertex_formats_for_blas(&self) -> Vec<VertexFormat> {
        let mut formats = Vec::new();
        if self.contains(Self::EXPERIMENTAL_RAY_TRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE) {
            formats.push(VertexFormat::Float32x3);
        }
        formats
    }
}

bitflags::bitflags! {
    /// Instance debugging flags.
    ///
    /// These are not part of the webgpu standard.
    ///
    /// Defaults to enabling debugging-related flags if the build configuration has `debug_assertions`.
    #[repr(transparent)]
    #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
    pub struct InstanceFlags: u32 {
        /// Generate debug information in shaders and objects.
        const DEBUG = 1 << 0;
        /// Enable validation, if possible.
        const VALIDATION = 1 << 1;
        /// Don't pass labels to wgpu-hal.
        const DISCARD_HAL_LABELS = 1 << 2;
        /// Whether wgpu should expose adapters that run on top of non-compliant adapters.
        ///
        /// Turning this on might mean that some of the functionality provided by the wgpu
        /// adapter/device is not working or is broken. It could be that all the functionality
        /// wgpu currently exposes works but we can't tell for sure since we have no additional
        /// transparency into what is working and what is not on the underlying adapter.
        ///
        /// This mainly applies to a Vulkan driver's compliance version. If the major compliance version
        /// is `0`, then the driver is ignored. This flag allows that driver to be enabled for testing.
        const ALLOW_UNDERLYING_NONCOMPLIANT_ADAPTER = 1 << 3;
        /// Enable GPU-based validation. Implies [`Self::VALIDATION`]. Currently, this only changes
        /// behavior on the DX12 and Vulkan backends.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        ///
        /// - D3D12; called ["GPU-based validation", or
        ///   "GBV"](https://web.archive.org/web/20230206120404/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/direct3d12/using-d3d12-debug-layer-gpu-based-validation)
        /// - Vulkan, via the `VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation` layer; called ["GPU-Assisted
        ///   Validation"](https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-ValidationLayers/blob/e45aeb85079e0835694cb8f03e6681fd18ae72c9/docs/gpu_validation.md#gpu-assisted-validation)
        const GPU_BASED_VALIDATION = 1 << 4;
    }
}

impl Default for InstanceFlags {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::from_build_config()
    }
}

impl InstanceFlags {
    /// Enable recommended debugging and validation flags.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn debugging() -> Self {
        InstanceFlags::DEBUG | InstanceFlags::VALIDATION
    }

    /// Enable advanced debugging and validation flags (potentially very slow).
    #[must_use]
    pub fn advanced_debugging() -> Self {
        Self::debugging() | InstanceFlags::GPU_BASED_VALIDATION
    }

    /// Infer good defaults from the build type
    ///
    /// Returns the default flags and add debugging flags if the build configuration has `debug_assertions`.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn from_build_config() -> Self {
        if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
            return InstanceFlags::debugging();
        }

        InstanceFlags::empty()
    }

    /// Returns this set of flags, affected by environment variables.
    ///
    /// The presence of an environment variable implies that the corresponding flag should be set
    /// unless the value is "0" in which case the flag is unset. If the environment variable is
    /// not present, then the flag is unaffected.
    ///
    /// For example `let flags = InstanceFlags::debugging().with_env();` with `WGPU_VALIDATION=0`
    /// does not contain `InstanceFlags::VALIDATION`.
    ///
    /// The environment variables are named after the flags prefixed with "WGPU_". For example:
    /// - WGPU_DEBUG
    /// - WGPU_VALIDATION
    #[must_use]
    pub fn with_env(mut self) -> Self {
        fn env(key: &str) -> Option<bool> {
            std::env::var(key).ok().map(|s| match s.as_str() {
                "0" => false,
                _ => true,
            })
        }

        if let Some(bit) = env("WGPU_VALIDATION") {
            self.set(Self::VALIDATION, bit);
        }
        if let Some(bit) = env("WGPU_DEBUG") {
            self.set(Self::DEBUG, bit);
        }
        if let Some(bit) = env("WGPU_ALLOW_UNDERLYING_NONCOMPLIANT_ADAPTER") {
            self.set(Self::ALLOW_UNDERLYING_NONCOMPLIANT_ADAPTER, bit);
        }
        if let Some(bit) = env("WGPU_GPU_BASED_VALIDATION") {
            self.set(Self::GPU_BASED_VALIDATION, bit);
        }

        self
    }
}

/// Represents the sets of limits an adapter/device supports.
///
/// We provide three different defaults.
/// - [`Limits::downlevel_defaults()`]. This is a set of limits that is guaranteed to work on almost
///   all backends, including "downlevel" backends such as OpenGL and D3D11, other than WebGL. For
///   most applications we recommend using these limits, assuming they are high enough for your
///   application, and you do not intent to support WebGL.
/// - [`Limits::downlevel_webgl2_defaults()`] This is a set of limits that is lower even than the
///   [`downlevel_defaults()`], configured to be low enough to support running in the browser using
///   WebGL2.
/// - [`Limits::default()`]. This is the set of limits that is guaranteed to work on all modern
///   backends and is guaranteed to be supported by WebGPU. Applications needing more modern
///   features can use this as a reasonable set of limits if they are targeting only desktop and
///   modern mobile devices.
///
/// We recommend starting with the most restrictive limits you can and manually increasing the
/// limits you need boosted. This will let you stay running on all hardware that supports the limits
/// you need.
///
/// Limits "better" than the default must be supported by the adapter and requested when requesting
/// a device. If limits "better" than the adapter supports are requested, requesting a device will
/// panic. Once a device is requested, you may only use resources up to the limits requested _even_
/// if the adapter supports "better" limits.
///
/// Requesting limits that are "better" than you need may cause performance to decrease because the
/// implementation needs to support more than is needed. You should ideally only request exactly
/// what you need.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUSupportedLimits`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#gpusupportedlimits).
///
/// [`downlevel_defaults()`]: Limits::downlevel_defaults
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "camelCase", default))]
pub struct Limits {
    /// Maximum allowed value for the `size.width` of a texture created with `TextureDimension::D1`.
    /// Defaults to 8192. Higher is "better".
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename = "maxTextureDimension1D"))]
    pub max_texture_dimension_1d: u32,
    /// Maximum allowed value for the `size.width` and `size.height` of a texture created with `TextureDimension::D2`.
    /// Defaults to 8192. Higher is "better".
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename = "maxTextureDimension2D"))]
    pub max_texture_dimension_2d: u32,
    /// Maximum allowed value for the `size.width`, `size.height`, and `size.depth_or_array_layers`
    /// of a texture created with `TextureDimension::D3`.
    /// Defaults to 2048. Higher is "better".
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename = "maxTextureDimension3D"))]
    pub max_texture_dimension_3d: u32,
    /// Maximum allowed value for the `size.depth_or_array_layers` of a texture created with `TextureDimension::D2`.
    /// Defaults to 256. Higher is "better".
    pub max_texture_array_layers: u32,
    /// Amount of bind groups that can be attached to a pipeline at the same time. Defaults to 4. Higher is "better".
    pub max_bind_groups: u32,
    /// Maximum binding index allowed in `create_bind_group_layout`. Defaults to 1000. Higher is "better".
    pub max_bindings_per_bind_group: u32,
    /// Amount of uniform buffer bindings that can be dynamic in a single pipeline. Defaults to 8. Higher is "better".
    pub max_dynamic_uniform_buffers_per_pipeline_layout: u32,
    /// Amount of storage buffer bindings that can be dynamic in a single pipeline. Defaults to 4. Higher is "better".
    pub max_dynamic_storage_buffers_per_pipeline_layout: u32,
    /// Amount of sampled textures visible in a single shader stage. Defaults to 16. Higher is "better".
    pub max_sampled_textures_per_shader_stage: u32,
    /// Amount of samplers visible in a single shader stage. Defaults to 16. Higher is "better".
    pub max_samplers_per_shader_stage: u32,
    /// Amount of storage buffers visible in a single shader stage. Defaults to 8. Higher is "better".
    pub max_storage_buffers_per_shader_stage: u32,
    /// Amount of storage textures visible in a single shader stage. Defaults to 4. Higher is "better".
    pub max_storage_textures_per_shader_stage: u32,
    /// Amount of uniform buffers visible in a single shader stage. Defaults to 12. Higher is "better".
    pub max_uniform_buffers_per_shader_stage: u32,
    /// Maximum size in bytes of a binding to a uniform buffer. Defaults to 64 KiB. Higher is "better".
    pub max_uniform_buffer_binding_size: u32,
    /// Maximum size in bytes of a binding to a storage buffer. Defaults to 128 MiB. Higher is "better".
    pub max_storage_buffer_binding_size: u32,
    /// Maximum length of `VertexState::buffers` when creating a `RenderPipeline`.
    /// Defaults to 8. Higher is "better".
    pub max_vertex_buffers: u32,
    /// A limit above which buffer allocations are guaranteed to fail.
    /// Defaults to 256 MiB. Higher is "better".
    ///
    /// Buffer allocations below the maximum buffer size may not succeed depending on available memory,
    /// fragmentation and other factors.
    pub max_buffer_size: u64,
    /// Maximum length of `VertexBufferLayout::attributes`, summed over all `VertexState::buffers`,
    /// when creating a `RenderPipeline`.
    /// Defaults to 16. Higher is "better".
    pub max_vertex_attributes: u32,
    /// Maximum value for `VertexBufferLayout::array_stride` when creating a `RenderPipeline`.
    /// Defaults to 2048. Higher is "better".
    pub max_vertex_buffer_array_stride: u32,
    /// Required `BufferBindingType::Uniform` alignment for `BufferBinding::offset`
    /// when creating a `BindGroup`, or for `set_bind_group` `dynamicOffsets`.
    /// Defaults to 256. Lower is "better".
    pub min_uniform_buffer_offset_alignment: u32,
    /// Required `BufferBindingType::Storage` alignment for `BufferBinding::offset`
    /// when creating a `BindGroup`, or for `set_bind_group` `dynamicOffsets`.
    /// Defaults to 256. Lower is "better".
    pub min_storage_buffer_offset_alignment: u32,
    /// Maximum allowed number of components (scalars) of input or output locations for
    /// inter-stage communication (vertex outputs to fragment inputs). Defaults to 60.
    /// Higher is "better".
    pub max_inter_stage_shader_components: u32,
    /// The maximum allowed number of color attachments.
    pub max_color_attachments: u32,
    /// The maximum number of bytes necessary to hold one sample (pixel or subpixel) of render
    /// pipeline output data, across all color attachments.
    pub max_color_attachment_bytes_per_sample: u32,
    /// Maximum number of bytes used for workgroup memory in a compute entry point. Defaults to
    /// 16384. Higher is "better".
    pub max_compute_workgroup_storage_size: u32,
    /// Maximum value of the product of the `workgroup_size` dimensions for a compute entry-point.
    /// Defaults to 256. Higher is "better".
    pub max_compute_invocations_per_workgroup: u32,
    /// The maximum value of the workgroup_size X dimension for a compute stage `ShaderModule` entry-point.
    /// Defaults to 256. Higher is "better".
    pub max_compute_workgroup_size_x: u32,
    /// The maximum value of the workgroup_size Y dimension for a compute stage `ShaderModule` entry-point.
    /// Defaults to 256. Higher is "better".
    pub max_compute_workgroup_size_y: u32,
    /// The maximum value of the workgroup_size Z dimension for a compute stage `ShaderModule` entry-point.
    /// Defaults to 64. Higher is "better".
    pub max_compute_workgroup_size_z: u32,
    /// The maximum value for each dimension of a `ComputePass::dispatch(x, y, z)` operation.
    /// Defaults to 65535. Higher is "better".
    pub max_compute_workgroups_per_dimension: u32,

    /// Minimal number of invocations in a subgroup. Higher is "better".
    pub min_subgroup_size: u32,
    /// Maximal number of invocations in a subgroup. Lower is "better".
    pub max_subgroup_size: u32,
    /// Amount of storage available for push constants in bytes. Defaults to 0. Higher is "better".
    /// Requesting more than 0 during device creation requires [`Features::PUSH_CONSTANTS`] to be enabled.
    ///
    /// Expect the size to be:
    /// - Vulkan: 128-256 bytes
    /// - DX12: 256 bytes
    /// - Metal: 4096 bytes
    /// - OpenGL doesn't natively support push constants, and are emulated with uniforms,
    ///   so this number is less useful but likely 256.
    pub max_push_constant_size: u32,
    /// Maximum number of live non-sampler bindings.
    ///
    /// This limit only affects the d3d12 backend. Using a large number will allow the device
    /// to create many bind groups at the cost of a large up-front allocation at device creation.
    pub max_non_sampler_bindings: u32,
}

impl Default for Limits {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::defaults()
    }
}

impl Limits {
    // Rust doesn't allow const in trait implementations, so we break this out
    // to allow reusing these defaults in const contexts like `downlevel_defaults`
    const fn defaults() -> Self {
        Self {
            max_texture_dimension_1d: 8192,
            max_texture_dimension_2d: 8192,
            max_texture_dimension_3d: 2048,
            max_texture_array_layers: 256,
            max_bind_groups: 4,
            max_bindings_per_bind_group: 1000,
            max_dynamic_uniform_buffers_per_pipeline_layout: 8,
            max_dynamic_storage_buffers_per_pipeline_layout: 4,
            max_sampled_textures_per_shader_stage: 16,
            max_samplers_per_shader_stage: 16,
            max_storage_buffers_per_shader_stage: 8,
            max_storage_textures_per_shader_stage: 4,
            max_uniform_buffers_per_shader_stage: 12,
            max_uniform_buffer_binding_size: 64 << 10, // (64 KiB)
            max_storage_buffer_binding_size: 128 << 20, // (128 MiB)
            max_vertex_buffers: 8,
            max_buffer_size: 256 << 20, // (256 MiB)
            max_vertex_attributes: 16,
            max_vertex_buffer_array_stride: 2048,
            min_uniform_buffer_offset_alignment: 256,
            min_storage_buffer_offset_alignment: 256,
            max_inter_stage_shader_components: 60,
            max_color_attachments: 8,
            max_color_attachment_bytes_per_sample: 32,
            max_compute_workgroup_storage_size: 16384,
            max_compute_invocations_per_workgroup: 256,
            max_compute_workgroup_size_x: 256,
            max_compute_workgroup_size_y: 256,
            max_compute_workgroup_size_z: 64,
            max_compute_workgroups_per_dimension: 65535,
            min_subgroup_size: 0,
            max_subgroup_size: 0,
            max_push_constant_size: 0,
            max_non_sampler_bindings: 1_000_000,
        }
    }

    /// These default limits are guaranteed to be compatible with GLES-3.1, and D3D11
    ///
    /// Those limits are as follows (different from default are marked with *):
    /// ```rust
    /// # use wgpu_types::Limits;
    /// assert_eq!(Limits::downlevel_defaults(), Limits {
    ///     max_texture_dimension_1d: 2048, // *
    ///     max_texture_dimension_2d: 2048, // *
    ///     max_texture_dimension_3d: 256, // *
    ///     max_texture_array_layers: 256,
    ///     max_bind_groups: 4,
    ///     max_bindings_per_bind_group: 1000,
    ///     max_dynamic_uniform_buffers_per_pipeline_layout: 8,
    ///     max_dynamic_storage_buffers_per_pipeline_layout: 4,
    ///     max_sampled_textures_per_shader_stage: 16,
    ///     max_samplers_per_shader_stage: 16,
    ///     max_storage_buffers_per_shader_stage: 4, // *
    ///     max_storage_textures_per_shader_stage: 4,
    ///     max_uniform_buffers_per_shader_stage: 12,
    ///     max_uniform_buffer_binding_size: 16 << 10, // * (16 KiB)
    ///     max_storage_buffer_binding_size: 128 << 20, // (128 MiB)
    ///     max_vertex_buffers: 8,
    ///     max_vertex_attributes: 16,
    ///     max_vertex_buffer_array_stride: 2048,
    ///     min_subgroup_size: 0,
    ///     max_subgroup_size: 0,
    ///     max_push_constant_size: 0,
    ///     min_uniform_buffer_offset_alignment: 256,
    ///     min_storage_buffer_offset_alignment: 256,
    ///     max_inter_stage_shader_components: 60,
    ///     max_color_attachments: 8,
    ///     max_color_attachment_bytes_per_sample: 32,
    ///     max_compute_workgroup_storage_size: 16352, // *
    ///     max_compute_invocations_per_workgroup: 256,
    ///     max_compute_workgroup_size_x: 256,
    ///     max_compute_workgroup_size_y: 256,
    ///     max_compute_workgroup_size_z: 64,
    ///     max_compute_workgroups_per_dimension: 65535,
    ///     max_buffer_size: 256 << 20, // (256 MiB)
    ///     max_non_sampler_bindings: 1_000_000,
    /// });
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn downlevel_defaults() -> Self {
        Self {
            max_texture_dimension_1d: 2048,
            max_texture_dimension_2d: 2048,
            max_texture_dimension_3d: 256,
            max_storage_buffers_per_shader_stage: 4,
            max_uniform_buffer_binding_size: 16 << 10, // (16 KiB)
            // see: https://developer.apple.com/metal/Metal-Feature-Set-Tables.pdf#page=7
            max_compute_workgroup_storage_size: 16352,
            ..Self::defaults()
        }
    }

    /// These default limits are guaranteed to be compatible with GLES-3.0, and D3D11, and WebGL2
    ///
    /// Those limits are as follows (different from `downlevel_defaults` are marked with +,
    /// *'s from `downlevel_defaults` shown as well.):
    /// ```rust
    /// # use wgpu_types::Limits;
    /// assert_eq!(Limits::downlevel_webgl2_defaults(), Limits {
    ///     max_texture_dimension_1d: 2048, // *
    ///     max_texture_dimension_2d: 2048, // *
    ///     max_texture_dimension_3d: 256, // *
    ///     max_texture_array_layers: 256,
    ///     max_bind_groups: 4,
    ///     max_bindings_per_bind_group: 1000,
    ///     max_dynamic_uniform_buffers_per_pipeline_layout: 8,
    ///     max_dynamic_storage_buffers_per_pipeline_layout: 0, // +
    ///     max_sampled_textures_per_shader_stage: 16,
    ///     max_samplers_per_shader_stage: 16,
    ///     max_storage_buffers_per_shader_stage: 0, // * +
    ///     max_storage_textures_per_shader_stage: 0, // +
    ///     max_uniform_buffers_per_shader_stage: 11, // +
    ///     max_uniform_buffer_binding_size: 16 << 10, // * (16 KiB)
    ///     max_storage_buffer_binding_size: 0, // * +
    ///     max_vertex_buffers: 8,
    ///     max_vertex_attributes: 16,
    ///     max_vertex_buffer_array_stride: 255, // +
    ///     min_subgroup_size: 0,
    ///     max_subgroup_size: 0,
    ///     max_push_constant_size: 0,
    ///     min_uniform_buffer_offset_alignment: 256,
    ///     min_storage_buffer_offset_alignment: 256,
    ///     max_inter_stage_shader_components: 31,
    ///     max_color_attachments: 8,
    ///     max_color_attachment_bytes_per_sample: 32,
    ///     max_compute_workgroup_storage_size: 0, // +
    ///     max_compute_invocations_per_workgroup: 0, // +
    ///     max_compute_workgroup_size_x: 0, // +
    ///     max_compute_workgroup_size_y: 0, // +
    ///     max_compute_workgroup_size_z: 0, // +
    ///     max_compute_workgroups_per_dimension: 0, // +
    ///     max_buffer_size: 256 << 20, // (256 MiB),
    ///     max_non_sampler_bindings: 1_000_000,
    /// });
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn downlevel_webgl2_defaults() -> Self {
        Self {
            max_uniform_buffers_per_shader_stage: 11,
            max_storage_buffers_per_shader_stage: 0,
            max_storage_textures_per_shader_stage: 0,
            max_dynamic_storage_buffers_per_pipeline_layout: 0,
            max_storage_buffer_binding_size: 0,
            max_vertex_buffer_array_stride: 255,
            max_compute_workgroup_storage_size: 0,
            max_compute_invocations_per_workgroup: 0,
            max_compute_workgroup_size_x: 0,
            max_compute_workgroup_size_y: 0,
            max_compute_workgroup_size_z: 0,
            max_compute_workgroups_per_dimension: 0,
            min_subgroup_size: 0,
            max_subgroup_size: 0,

            // Value supported by Intel Celeron B830 on Windows (OpenGL 3.1)
            max_inter_stage_shader_components: 31,

            // Most of the values should be the same as the downlevel defaults
            ..Self::downlevel_defaults()
        }
    }

    /// Modify the current limits to use the resolution limits of the other.
    ///
    /// This is useful because the swapchain might need to be larger than any other image in the application.
    ///
    /// If your application only needs 512x512, you might be running on a 4k display and need extremely high resolution limits.
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn using_resolution(self, other: Self) -> Self {
        Self {
            max_texture_dimension_1d: other.max_texture_dimension_1d,
            max_texture_dimension_2d: other.max_texture_dimension_2d,
            max_texture_dimension_3d: other.max_texture_dimension_3d,
            ..self
        }
    }

    /// Modify the current limits to use the buffer alignment limits of the adapter.
    ///
    /// This is useful for when you'd like to dynamically use the "best" supported buffer alignments.
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn using_alignment(self, other: Self) -> Self {
        Self {
            min_uniform_buffer_offset_alignment: other.min_uniform_buffer_offset_alignment,
            min_storage_buffer_offset_alignment: other.min_storage_buffer_offset_alignment,
            ..self
        }
    }

    /// Compares every limits within self is within the limits given in `allowed`.
    ///
    /// If you need detailed information on failures, look at [`Limits::check_limits_with_fail_fn`].
    #[must_use]
    pub fn check_limits(&self, allowed: &Self) -> bool {
        let mut within = true;
        self.check_limits_with_fail_fn(allowed, true, |_, _, _| within = false);
        within
    }

    /// Compares every limits within self is within the limits given in `allowed`.
    /// For an easy to use binary choice, use [`Limits::check_limits`].
    ///
    /// If a value is not within the allowed limit, this function calls the `fail_fn`
    /// with the:
    ///  - limit name
    ///  - self's limit
    ///  - allowed's limit.
    ///
    /// If fatal is true, a single failure bails out the comparison after a single failure.
    pub fn check_limits_with_fail_fn(
        &self,
        allowed: &Self,
        fatal: bool,
        mut fail_fn: impl FnMut(&'static str, u64, u64),
    ) {
        use std::cmp::Ordering;

        macro_rules! compare {
            ($name:ident, $ordering:ident) => {
                match self.$name.cmp(&allowed.$name) {
                    Ordering::$ordering | Ordering::Equal => (),
                    _ => {
                        fail_fn(stringify!($name), self.$name as u64, allowed.$name as u64);
                        if fatal {
                            return;
                        }
                    }
                }
            };
        }

        compare!(max_texture_dimension_1d, Less);
        compare!(max_texture_dimension_2d, Less);
        compare!(max_texture_dimension_3d, Less);
        compare!(max_texture_array_layers, Less);
        compare!(max_bind_groups, Less);
        compare!(max_bindings_per_bind_group, Less);
        compare!(max_dynamic_uniform_buffers_per_pipeline_layout, Less);
        compare!(max_dynamic_storage_buffers_per_pipeline_layout, Less);
        compare!(max_sampled_textures_per_shader_stage, Less);
        compare!(max_samplers_per_shader_stage, Less);
        compare!(max_storage_buffers_per_shader_stage, Less);
        compare!(max_storage_textures_per_shader_stage, Less);
        compare!(max_uniform_buffers_per_shader_stage, Less);
        compare!(max_uniform_buffer_binding_size, Less);
        compare!(max_storage_buffer_binding_size, Less);
        compare!(max_vertex_buffers, Less);
        compare!(max_buffer_size, Less);
        compare!(max_vertex_attributes, Less);
        compare!(max_vertex_buffer_array_stride, Less);
        compare!(min_uniform_buffer_offset_alignment, Greater);
        compare!(min_storage_buffer_offset_alignment, Greater);
        compare!(max_inter_stage_shader_components, Less);
        compare!(max_color_attachments, Less);
        compare!(max_color_attachment_bytes_per_sample, Less);
        compare!(max_compute_workgroup_storage_size, Less);
        compare!(max_compute_invocations_per_workgroup, Less);
        compare!(max_compute_workgroup_size_x, Less);
        compare!(max_compute_workgroup_size_y, Less);
        compare!(max_compute_workgroup_size_z, Less);
        compare!(max_compute_workgroups_per_dimension, Less);
        if self.min_subgroup_size > 0 && self.max_subgroup_size > 0 {
            compare!(min_subgroup_size, Greater);
            compare!(max_subgroup_size, Less);
        }
        compare!(max_push_constant_size, Less);
        compare!(max_non_sampler_bindings, Less);
    }
}

/// Represents the sets of additional limits on an adapter,
/// which take place when running on downlevel backends.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub struct DownlevelLimits {}

#[allow(clippy::derivable_impls)]
impl Default for DownlevelLimits {
    fn default() -> Self {
        DownlevelLimits {}
    }
}

/// Lists various ways the underlying platform does not conform to the WebGPU standard.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub struct DownlevelCapabilities {
    /// Combined boolean flags.
    pub flags: DownlevelFlags,
    /// Additional limits
    pub limits: DownlevelLimits,
    /// Which collections of features shaders support. Defined in terms of D3D's shader models.
    pub shader_model: ShaderModel,
}

impl Default for DownlevelCapabilities {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            flags: DownlevelFlags::all(),
            limits: DownlevelLimits::default(),
            shader_model: ShaderModel::Sm5,
        }
    }
}

impl DownlevelCapabilities {
    /// Returns true if the underlying platform offers complete support of the baseline WebGPU standard.
    ///
    /// If this returns false, some parts of the API will result in validation errors where they would not normally.
    /// These parts can be determined by the values in this structure.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_webgpu_compliant(&self) -> bool {
        self.flags.contains(DownlevelFlags::compliant())
            && self.limits == DownlevelLimits::default()
            && self.shader_model >= ShaderModel::Sm5
    }
}

bitflags::bitflags! {
    /// Binary flags listing features that may or may not be present on downlevel adapters.
    ///
    /// A downlevel adapter is a GPU adapter that WGPU supports, but with potentially limited
    /// features, due to the lack of hardware feature support.
    ///
    /// Flags that are **not** present for a downlevel adapter or device usually indicates
    /// non-compliance with the WebGPU specification, but not always.
    ///
    /// You can check whether a set of flags is compliant through the
    /// [`DownlevelCapabilities::is_webgpu_compliant()`] function.
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(transparent))]
    #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
    pub struct DownlevelFlags: u32 {
        /// The device supports compiling and using compute shaders.
        ///
        /// WebGL2, and GLES3.0 devices do not support compute.
        const COMPUTE_SHADERS = 1 << 0;
        /// Supports binding storage buffers and textures to fragment shaders.
        const FRAGMENT_WRITABLE_STORAGE = 1 << 1;
        /// Supports indirect drawing and dispatching.
        ///
        /// WebGL2, GLES 3.0, and Metal on Apple1/Apple2 GPUs do not support indirect.
        const INDIRECT_EXECUTION = 1 << 2;
        /// Supports non-zero `base_vertex` parameter to direct indexed draw calls.
        ///
        /// Indirect calls, if supported, always support non-zero `base_vertex`.
        ///
        /// Supported by:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal on Apple3+ or Mac1+
        /// - OpenGL 3.2+
        /// - OpenGL ES 3.2
        const BASE_VERTEX = 1 << 3;
        /// Supports reading from a depth/stencil texture while using it as a read-only
        /// depth/stencil attachment.
        ///
        /// The WebGL2 and GLES backends do not support RODS.
        const READ_ONLY_DEPTH_STENCIL = 1 << 4;
        /// Supports textures with mipmaps which have a non power of two size.
        const NON_POWER_OF_TWO_MIPMAPPED_TEXTURES = 1 << 5;
        /// Supports textures that are cube arrays.
        const CUBE_ARRAY_TEXTURES = 1 << 6;
        /// Supports comparison samplers.
        const COMPARISON_SAMPLERS = 1 << 7;
        /// Supports different blend operations per color attachment.
        const INDEPENDENT_BLEND = 1 << 8;
        /// Supports storage buffers in vertex shaders.
        const VERTEX_STORAGE = 1 << 9;

        /// Supports samplers with anisotropic filtering. Note this isn't actually required by
        /// WebGPU, the implementation is allowed to completely ignore aniso clamp. This flag is
        /// here for native backends so they can communicate to the user of aniso is enabled.
        ///
        /// All backends and all devices support anisotropic filtering.
        const ANISOTROPIC_FILTERING = 1 << 10;

        /// Supports storage buffers in fragment shaders.
        const FRAGMENT_STORAGE = 1 << 11;

        /// Supports sample-rate shading.
        const MULTISAMPLED_SHADING = 1 << 12;

        /// Supports copies between depth textures and buffers.
        ///
        /// GLES/WebGL don't support this.
        const DEPTH_TEXTURE_AND_BUFFER_COPIES = 1 << 13;

        /// Supports all the texture usages described in WebGPU. If this isn't supported, you
        /// should call `get_texture_format_features` to get how you can use textures of a given format
        const WEBGPU_TEXTURE_FORMAT_SUPPORT = 1 << 14;

        /// Supports buffer bindings with sizes that aren't a multiple of 16.
        ///
        /// WebGL doesn't support this.
        const BUFFER_BINDINGS_NOT_16_BYTE_ALIGNED = 1 << 15;

        /// Supports buffers to combine [`BufferUsages::INDEX`] with usages other than [`BufferUsages::COPY_DST`] and [`BufferUsages::COPY_SRC`].
        /// Furthermore, in absence of this feature it is not allowed to copy index buffers from/to buffers with a set of usage flags containing
        /// [`BufferUsages::VERTEX`]/[`BufferUsages::UNIFORM`]/[`BufferUsages::STORAGE`] or [`BufferUsages::INDIRECT`].
        ///
        /// WebGL doesn't support this.
        const UNRESTRICTED_INDEX_BUFFER = 1 << 16;

        /// Supports full 32-bit range indices (2^32-1 as opposed to 2^24-1 without this flag)
        ///
        /// Corresponds to Vulkan's `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures.fullDrawIndexUint32`
        const FULL_DRAW_INDEX_UINT32 = 1 << 17;

        /// Supports depth bias clamping
        ///
        /// Corresponds to Vulkan's `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures.depthBiasClamp`
        const DEPTH_BIAS_CLAMP = 1 << 18;

        /// Supports specifying which view format values are allowed when create_view() is called on a texture.
        ///
        /// The WebGL and GLES backends doesn't support this.
        const VIEW_FORMATS = 1 << 19;

        /// With this feature not present, there are the following restrictions on `Queue::copy_external_image_to_texture`:
        /// - The source must not be [`web_sys::OffscreenCanvas`]
        /// - [`CopyExternalImageSourceInfo::origin`] must be zero.
        /// - [`CopyExternalImageDestInfo::color_space`] must be srgb.
        /// - If the source is an [`web_sys::ImageBitmap`]:
        ///   - [`CopyExternalImageSourceInfo::flip_y`] must be false.
        ///   - [`CopyExternalImageDestInfo::premultiplied_alpha`] must be false.
        ///
        /// WebGL doesn't support this. WebGPU does.
        const UNRESTRICTED_EXTERNAL_TEXTURE_COPIES = 1 << 20;

        /// Supports specifying which view formats are allowed when calling create_view on the texture returned by get_current_texture.
        ///
        /// The GLES/WebGL and Vulkan on Android doesn't support this.
        const SURFACE_VIEW_FORMATS = 1 << 21;

        /// If this is true, calls to `CommandEncoder::resolve_query_set` will be performed on the queue timeline.
        ///
        /// If this is false, calls to `CommandEncoder::resolve_query_set` will be performed on the device (i.e. cpu) timeline
        /// and will block that timeline until the query has data. You may work around this limitation by waiting until the submit
        /// whose queries you are resolving is fully finished (through use of `queue.on_submitted_work_done`) and only
        /// then submitting the resolve_query_set command. The queries will be guaranteed finished, so will not block.
        ///
        /// Supported by:
        /// - Vulkan,
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal
        /// - OpenGL 4.4+
        ///
        /// Not Supported by:
        /// - GL ES / WebGL
        const NONBLOCKING_QUERY_RESOLVE = 1 << 22;

        /// If this is true, use of `@builtin(vertex_index)` and `@builtin(instance_index)` will properly take into consideration
        /// the `first_vertex` and `first_instance` parameters of indirect draw calls.
        ///
        /// If this is false, `@builtin(vertex_index)` and `@builtin(instance_index)` will start by counting from 0, ignoring the
        /// `first_vertex` and `first_instance` parameters.
        ///
        /// For example, if you had a draw call like this:
        /// - `first_vertex: 4,`
        /// - `vertex_count: 12,`
        ///
        /// When this flag is present, `@builtin(vertex_index)` will start at 4 and go up to 15 (12 invocations).
        ///
        /// When this flag is not present, `@builtin(vertex_index)` will start at 0 and go up to 11 (12 invocations).
        ///
        /// This only affects the builtins in the shaders,
        /// vertex buffers and instance rate vertex buffers will behave like expected with this flag disabled.
        ///
        /// See also [`Features::`]
        ///
        /// Supported By:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - Metal
        /// - OpenGL
        ///
        /// Will be implemented in the future by:
        /// - DX12 ([#2471](https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu/issues/2471))
        const VERTEX_AND_INSTANCE_INDEX_RESPECTS_RESPECTIVE_FIRST_VALUE_IN_INDIRECT_DRAW = 1 << 23;
    }
}

impl DownlevelFlags {
    /// All flags that indicate if the backend is WebGPU compliant
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn compliant() -> Self {
        // We use manual bit twiddling to make this a const fn as `Sub` and `.remove` aren't const

        // WebGPU doesn't actually require aniso
        Self::from_bits_truncate(Self::all().bits() & !Self::ANISOTROPIC_FILTERING.bits())
    }
}

/// Collections of shader features a device supports if they support less than WebGPU normally allows.
// TODO: Fill out the differences between shader models more completely
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub enum ShaderModel {
    /// Extremely limited shaders, including a total instruction limit.
    Sm2,
    /// Missing minor features and storage images.
    Sm4,
    /// WebGPU supports shader module 5.
    Sm5,
}

/// Supported physical device types.
#[repr(u8)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub enum DeviceType {
    /// Other or Unknown.
    Other,
    /// Integrated GPU with shared CPU/GPU memory.
    IntegratedGpu,
    /// Discrete GPU with separate CPU/GPU memory.
    DiscreteGpu,
    /// Virtual / Hosted.
    VirtualGpu,
    /// Cpu / Software Rendering.
    Cpu,
}

//TODO: convert `vendor` and `device` to `u32`

/// Information about an adapter.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub struct AdapterInfo {
    /// Adapter name
    pub name: String,
    /// [`Backend`]-specific vendor ID of the adapter
    ///
    /// This generally is a 16-bit PCI vendor ID in the least significant bytes of this field.
    /// However, more significant bytes may be non-zero if the backend uses a different
    /// representation.
    ///
    /// * For [`Backend::Vulkan`], the [`VkPhysicalDeviceProperties::vendorID`] is used, which is
    ///     a superset of PCI IDs.
    ///
    /// [`VkPhysicalDeviceProperties::vendorID`]: https://registry.khronos.org/vulkan/specs/1.3-extensions/man/html/VkPhysicalDeviceProperties.html
    pub vendor: u32,
    /// [`Backend`]-specific device ID of the adapter
    ///
    ///
    /// This generally is a 16-bit PCI device ID in the least significant bytes of this field.
    /// However, more significant bytes may be non-zero if the backend uses a different
    /// representation.
    ///
    /// * For [`Backend::Vulkan`], the [`VkPhysicalDeviceProperties::deviceID`] is used, which is
    ///    a superset of PCI IDs.
    ///
    /// [`VkPhysicalDeviceProperties::deviceID`]: https://registry.khronos.org/vulkan/specs/1.3-extensions/man/html/VkPhysicalDeviceProperties.html
    pub device: u32,
    /// Type of device
    pub device_type: DeviceType,
    /// Driver name
    pub driver: String,
    /// Driver info
    pub driver_info: String,
    /// Backend used for device
    pub backend: Backend,
}

/// Hints to the device about the memory allocation strategy.
///
/// Some backends may ignore these hints.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub enum MemoryHints {
    /// Favor performance over memory usage (the default value).
    #[default]
    Performance,
    /// Favor memory usage over performance.
    MemoryUsage,
    /// Applications that have control over the content that is rendered
    /// (typically games) may find an optimal compromise between memory
    /// usage and performance by specifying the allocation configuration.
    Manual {
        /// Defines the range of allowed memory block sizes for sub-allocated
        /// resources.
        ///
        /// The backend may attempt to group multiple resources into fewer
        /// device memory blocks (sub-allocation) for performance reasons.
        /// The start of the provided range specifies the initial memory
        /// block size for sub-allocated resources. After running out of
        /// space in existing memory blocks, the backend may chose to
        /// progressively increase the block size of subsequent allocations
        /// up to a limit specified by the end of the range.
        ///
        /// This does not limit resource sizes. If a resource does not fit
        /// in the specified range, it will typically be placed in a dedicated
        /// memory block.
        suballocated_device_memory_block_size: Range<u64>,
    },
}

/// Describes a [`Device`](../wgpu/struct.Device.html).
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUDeviceDescriptor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#gpudevicedescriptor).
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub struct DeviceDescriptor<L> {
    /// Debug label for the device.
    pub label: L,
    /// Specifies the features that are required by the device request.
    /// The request will fail if the adapter cannot provide these features.
    ///
    /// Exactly the specified set of features, and no more or less,
    /// will be allowed in validation of API calls on the resulting device.
    pub required_features: Features,
    /// Specifies the limits that are required by the device request.
    /// The request will fail if the adapter cannot provide these limits.
    ///
    /// Exactly the specified limits, and no better or worse,
    /// will be allowed in validation of API calls on the resulting device.
    pub required_limits: Limits,
    /// Hints for memory allocation strategies.
    pub memory_hints: MemoryHints,
}

impl<L> DeviceDescriptor<L> {
    /// Takes a closure and maps the label of the device descriptor into another.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn map_label<K>(&self, fun: impl FnOnce(&L) -> K) -> DeviceDescriptor<K> {
        DeviceDescriptor {
            label: fun(&self.label),
            required_features: self.required_features,
            required_limits: self.required_limits.clone(),
            memory_hints: self.memory_hints.clone(),
        }
    }
}

bitflags::bitflags! {
    /// Describes the shader stages that a binding will be visible from.
    ///
    /// These can be combined so something that is visible from both vertex and fragment shaders can be defined as:
    ///
    /// `ShaderStages::VERTEX | ShaderStages::FRAGMENT`
    ///
    /// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUShaderStageFlags`](
    /// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#typedefdef-gpushaderstageflags).
    #[repr(transparent)]
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(transparent))]
    #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
    pub struct ShaderStages: u32 {
        /// Binding is not visible from any shader stage.
        const NONE = 0;
        /// Binding is visible from the vertex shader of a render pipeline.
        const VERTEX = 1 << 0;
        /// Binding is visible from the fragment shader of a render pipeline.
        const FRAGMENT = 1 << 1;
        /// Binding is visible from the compute shader of a compute pipeline.
        const COMPUTE = 1 << 2;
        /// Binding is visible from the vertex and fragment shaders of a render pipeline.
        const VERTEX_FRAGMENT = Self::VERTEX.bits() | Self::FRAGMENT.bits();
    }
}

/// Order in which TextureData is laid out in memory.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub enum TextureDataOrder {
    /// The texture is laid out densely in memory as:
    ///
    /// ```text
    /// Layer0Mip0 Layer0Mip1 Layer0Mip2
    /// Layer1Mip0 Layer1Mip1 Layer1Mip2
    /// Layer2Mip0 Layer2Mip1 Layer2Mip2
    /// ````
    ///
    /// This is the layout used by dds files.
    #[default]
    LayerMajor,
    /// The texture is laid out densely in memory as:
    ///
    /// ```text
    /// Layer0Mip0 Layer1Mip0 Layer2Mip0
    /// Layer0Mip1 Layer1Mip1 Layer2Mip1
    /// Layer0Mip2 Layer1Mip2 Layer2Mip2
    /// ```
    ///
    /// This is the layout used by ktx and ktx2 files.
    MipMajor,
}

/// Dimensions of a particular texture view.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUTextureViewDimension`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gputextureviewdimension).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Default, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub enum TextureViewDimension {
    /// A one dimensional texture. `texture_1d` in WGSL and `texture1D` in GLSL.
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename = "1d"))]
    D1,
    /// A two dimensional texture. `texture_2d` in WGSL and `texture2D` in GLSL.
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename = "2d"))]
    #[default]
    D2,
    /// A two dimensional array texture. `texture_2d_array` in WGSL and `texture2DArray` in GLSL.
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename = "2d-array"))]
    D2Array,
    /// A cubemap texture. `texture_cube` in WGSL and `textureCube` in GLSL.
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename = "cube"))]
    Cube,
    /// A cubemap array texture. `texture_cube_array` in WGSL and `textureCubeArray` in GLSL.
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename = "cube-array"))]
    CubeArray,
    /// A three dimensional texture. `texture_3d` in WGSL and `texture3D` in GLSL.
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename = "3d"))]
    D3,
}

impl TextureViewDimension {
    /// Get the texture dimension required of this texture view dimension.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn compatible_texture_dimension(self) -> TextureDimension {
        match self {
            Self::D1 => TextureDimension::D1,
            Self::D2 | Self::D2Array | Self::Cube | Self::CubeArray => TextureDimension::D2,
            Self::D3 => TextureDimension::D3,
        }
    }
}

/// Alpha blend factor.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUBlendFactor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gpublendfactor). Values using `Src1`
/// require [`Features::DUAL_SOURCE_BLENDING`] and can only be used with the first
/// render target.
///
/// For further details on how the blend factors are applied, see the analogous
/// functionality in OpenGL: <https://www.khronos.org/opengl/wiki/Blending#Blending_Parameters>.
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "kebab-case"))]
pub enum BlendFactor {
    /// 0.0
    Zero = 0,
    /// 1.0
    One = 1,
    /// S.component
    Src = 2,
    /// 1.0 - S.component
    OneMinusSrc = 3,
    /// S.alpha
    SrcAlpha = 4,
    /// 1.0 - S.alpha
    OneMinusSrcAlpha = 5,
    /// D.component
    Dst = 6,
    /// 1.0 - D.component
    OneMinusDst = 7,
    /// D.alpha
    DstAlpha = 8,
    /// 1.0 - D.alpha
    OneMinusDstAlpha = 9,
    /// min(S.alpha, 1.0 - D.alpha)
    SrcAlphaSaturated = 10,
    /// Constant
    Constant = 11,
    /// 1.0 - Constant
    OneMinusConstant = 12,
    /// S1.component
    Src1 = 13,
    /// 1.0 - S1.component
    OneMinusSrc1 = 14,
    /// S1.alpha
    Src1Alpha = 15,
    /// 1.0 - S1.alpha
    OneMinusSrc1Alpha = 16,
}

impl BlendFactor {
    /// Returns `true` if the blend factor references the second blend source.
    ///
    /// Note that the usage of those blend factors require [`Features::DUAL_SOURCE_BLENDING`].
    #[must_use]
    pub fn ref_second_blend_source(&self) -> bool {
        match self {
            BlendFactor::Src1
            | BlendFactor::OneMinusSrc1
            | BlendFactor::Src1Alpha
            | BlendFactor::OneMinusSrc1Alpha => true,
            _ => false,
        }
    }
}

/// Alpha blend operation.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUBlendOperation`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gpublendoperation).
///
/// For further details on how the blend operations are applied, see
/// the analogous functionality in OpenGL: <https://www.khronos.org/opengl/wiki/Blending#Blend_Equations>.
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Default, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "kebab-case"))]
pub enum BlendOperation {
    /// Src + Dst
    #[default]
    Add = 0,
    /// Src - Dst
    Subtract = 1,
    /// Dst - Src
    ReverseSubtract = 2,
    /// min(Src, Dst)
    Min = 3,
    /// max(Src, Dst)
    Max = 4,
}

/// Describes a blend component of a [`BlendState`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUBlendComponent`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpublendcomponent).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "camelCase"))]
pub struct BlendComponent {
    /// Multiplier for the source, which is produced by the fragment shader.
    pub src_factor: BlendFactor,
    /// Multiplier for the destination, which is stored in the target.
    pub dst_factor: BlendFactor,
    /// The binary operation applied to the source and destination,
    /// multiplied by their respective factors.
    pub operation: BlendOperation,
}

impl BlendComponent {
    /// Default blending state that replaces destination with the source.
    pub const REPLACE: Self = Self {
        src_factor: BlendFactor::One,
        dst_factor: BlendFactor::Zero,
        operation: BlendOperation::Add,
    };

    /// Blend state of (1 * src) + ((1 - src_alpha) * dst)
    pub const OVER: Self = Self {
        src_factor: BlendFactor::One,
        dst_factor: BlendFactor::OneMinusSrcAlpha,
        operation: BlendOperation::Add,
    };

    /// Returns true if the state relies on the constant color, which is
    /// set independently on a render command encoder.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn uses_constant(&self) -> bool {
        match (self.src_factor, self.dst_factor) {
            (BlendFactor::Constant, _)
            | (BlendFactor::OneMinusConstant, _)
            | (_, BlendFactor::Constant)
            | (_, BlendFactor::OneMinusConstant) => true,
            (_, _) => false,
        }
    }
}

impl Default for BlendComponent {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::REPLACE
    }
}

/// Describe the blend state of a render pipeline,
/// within [`ColorTargetState`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUBlendState`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpublendstate).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "camelCase"))]
pub struct BlendState {
    /// Color equation.
    pub color: BlendComponent,
    /// Alpha equation.
    pub alpha: BlendComponent,
}

impl BlendState {
    /// Blend mode that does no color blending, just overwrites the output with the contents of the shader.
    pub const REPLACE: Self = Self {
        color: BlendComponent::REPLACE,
        alpha: BlendComponent::REPLACE,
    };

    /// Blend mode that does standard alpha blending with non-premultiplied alpha.
    pub const ALPHA_BLENDING: Self = Self {
        color: BlendComponent {
            src_factor: BlendFactor::SrcAlpha,
            dst_factor: BlendFactor::OneMinusSrcAlpha,
            operation: BlendOperation::Add,
        },
        alpha: BlendComponent::OVER,
    };

    /// Blend mode that does standard alpha blending with premultiplied alpha.
    pub const PREMULTIPLIED_ALPHA_BLENDING: Self = Self {
        color: BlendComponent::OVER,
        alpha: BlendComponent::OVER,
    };
}

/// Describes the color state of a render pipeline.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUColorTargetState`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpucolortargetstate).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "camelCase"))]
pub struct ColorTargetState {
    /// The [`TextureFormat`] of the image that this pipeline will render to. Must match the format
    /// of the corresponding color attachment in [`CommandEncoder::begin_render_pass`][CEbrp]
    ///
    /// [CEbrp]: ../wgpu/struct.CommandEncoder.html#method.begin_render_pass
    pub format: TextureFormat,
    /// The blending that is used for this pipeline.
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(default))]
    pub blend: Option<BlendState>,
    /// Mask which enables/disables writes to different color/alpha channel.
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(default))]
    pub write_mask: ColorWrites,
}

impl From<TextureFormat> for ColorTargetState {
    fn from(format: TextureFormat) -> Self {
        Self {
            format,
            blend: None,
            write_mask: ColorWrites::ALL,
        }
    }
}

/// Primitive type the input mesh is composed of.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUPrimitiveTopology`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gpuprimitivetopology).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Default, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "kebab-case"))]
pub enum PrimitiveTopology {
    /// Vertex data is a list of points. Each vertex is a new point.
    PointList = 0,
    /// Vertex data is a list of lines. Each pair of vertices composes a new line.
    ///
    /// Vertices `0 1 2 3` create two lines `0 1` and `2 3`
    LineList = 1,
    /// Vertex data is a strip of lines. Each set of two adjacent vertices form a line.
    ///
    /// Vertices `0 1 2 3` create three lines `0 1`, `1 2`, and `2 3`.
    LineStrip = 2,
    /// Vertex data is a list of triangles. Each set of 3 vertices composes a new triangle.
    ///
    /// Vertices `0 1 2 3 4 5` create two triangles `0 1 2` and `3 4 5`
    #[default]
    TriangleList = 3,
    /// Vertex data is a triangle strip. Each set of three adjacent vertices form a triangle.
    ///
    /// Vertices `0 1 2 3 4 5` create four triangles `0 1 2`, `2 1 3`, `2 3 4`, and `4 3 5`
    TriangleStrip = 4,
}

impl PrimitiveTopology {
    /// Returns true for strip topologies.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_strip(&self) -> bool {
        match *self {
            Self::PointList | Self::LineList | Self::TriangleList => false,
            Self::LineStrip | Self::TriangleStrip => true,
        }
    }
}

/// Vertex winding order which classifies the "front" face of a triangle.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUFrontFace`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gpufrontface).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "kebab-case"))]
pub enum FrontFace {
    /// Triangles with vertices in counter clockwise order are considered the front face.
    ///
    /// This is the default with right handed coordinate spaces.
    #[default]
    Ccw = 0,
    /// Triangles with vertices in clockwise order are considered the front face.
    ///
    /// This is the default with left handed coordinate spaces.
    Cw = 1,
}

/// Face of a vertex.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUCullMode`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gpucullmode),
/// except that the `"none"` value is represented using `Option<Face>` instead.
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "kebab-case"))]
pub enum Face {
    /// Front face
    Front = 0,
    /// Back face
    Back = 1,
}

/// Type of drawing mode for polygons
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "kebab-case"))]
pub enum PolygonMode {
    /// Polygons are filled
    #[default]
    Fill = 0,
    /// Polygons are drawn as line segments
    Line = 1,
    /// Polygons are drawn as points
    Point = 2,
}

/// Describes the state of primitive assembly and rasterization in a render pipeline.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUPrimitiveState`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpuprimitivestate).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "camelCase"))]
pub struct PrimitiveState {
    /// The primitive topology used to interpret vertices.
    pub topology: PrimitiveTopology,
    /// When drawing strip topologies with indices, this is the required format for the index buffer.
    /// This has no effect on non-indexed or non-strip draws.
    ///
    /// Specifying this value enables primitive restart, allowing individual strips to be separated
    /// with the index value `0xFFFF` when using `Uint16`, or `0xFFFFFFFF` when using `Uint32`.
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(default))]
    pub strip_index_format: Option<IndexFormat>,
    /// The face to consider the front for the purpose of culling and stencil operations.
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(default))]
    pub front_face: FrontFace,
    /// The face culling mode.
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(default))]
    pub cull_mode: Option<Face>,
    /// If set to true, the polygon depth is not clipped to 0-1 before rasterization.
    ///
    /// Enabling this requires `Features::DEPTH_CLIP_CONTROL` to be enabled.
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(default))]
    pub unclipped_depth: bool,
    /// Controls the way each polygon is rasterized. Can be either `Fill` (default), `Line` or `Point`
    ///
    /// Setting this to `Line` requires `Features::POLYGON_MODE_LINE` to be enabled.
    ///
    /// Setting this to `Point` requires `Features::POLYGON_MODE_POINT` to be enabled.
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(default))]
    pub polygon_mode: PolygonMode,
    /// If set to true, the primitives are rendered with conservative overestimation. I.e. any rastered pixel touched by it is filled.
    /// Only valid for PolygonMode::Fill!
    ///
    /// Enabling this requires `Features::CONSERVATIVE_RASTERIZATION` to be enabled.
    pub conservative: bool,
}

/// Describes the multi-sampling state of a render pipeline.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUMultisampleState`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpumultisamplestate).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "camelCase"))]
pub struct MultisampleState {
    /// The number of samples calculated per pixel (for MSAA). For non-multisampled textures,
    /// this should be `1`
    pub count: u32,
    /// Bitmask that restricts the samples of a pixel modified by this pipeline. All samples
    /// can be enabled using the value `!0`
    pub mask: u64,
    /// When enabled, produces another sample mask per pixel based on the alpha output value, that
    /// is ANDed with the sample_mask and the primitive coverage to restrict the set of samples
    /// affected by a primitive.
    ///
    /// The implicit mask produced for alpha of zero is guaranteed to be zero, and for alpha of one
    /// is guaranteed to be all 1-s.
    pub alpha_to_coverage_enabled: bool,
}

impl Default for MultisampleState {
    fn default() -> Self {
        MultisampleState {
            count: 1,
            mask: !0,
            alpha_to_coverage_enabled: false,
        }
    }
}

bitflags::bitflags! {
    /// Feature flags for a texture format.
    #[repr(transparent)]
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(transparent))]
    #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
    pub struct TextureFormatFeatureFlags: u32 {
        /// If not present, the texture can't be sampled with a filtering sampler.
        /// This may overwrite TextureSampleType::Float.filterable
        const FILTERABLE = 1 << 0;
        /// Allows [`TextureDescriptor::sample_count`] to be `2`.
        const MULTISAMPLE_X2 = 1 << 1;
        /// Allows [`TextureDescriptor::sample_count`] to be `4`.
        const MULTISAMPLE_X4 = 1 << 2 ;
        /// Allows [`TextureDescriptor::sample_count`] to be `8`.
        const MULTISAMPLE_X8 = 1 << 3 ;
        /// Allows [`TextureDescriptor::sample_count`] to be `16`.
        const MULTISAMPLE_X16 = 1 << 4;
        /// Allows a texture of this format to back a view passed as `resolve_target`
        /// to a render pass for an automatic driver-implemented resolve.
        const MULTISAMPLE_RESOLVE = 1 << 5;
        /// When used as a STORAGE texture, then a texture with this format can be bound with
        /// [`StorageTextureAccess::ReadOnly`].
        const STORAGE_READ_ONLY = 1 << 6;
        /// When used as a STORAGE texture, then a texture with this format can be bound with
        /// [`StorageTextureAccess::WriteOnly`].
        const STORAGE_WRITE_ONLY = 1 << 7;
        /// When used as a STORAGE texture, then a texture with this format can be bound with
        /// [`StorageTextureAccess::ReadWrite`].
        const STORAGE_READ_WRITE = 1 << 8;
        /// If not present, the texture can't be blended into the render target.
        const BLENDABLE = 1 << 9;
    }
}

impl TextureFormatFeatureFlags {
    /// Sample count supported by a given texture format.
    ///
    /// returns `true` if `count` is a supported sample count.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn sample_count_supported(&self, count: u32) -> bool {
        use TextureFormatFeatureFlags as tfsc;

        match count {
            1 => true,
            2 => self.contains(tfsc::MULTISAMPLE_X2),
            4 => self.contains(tfsc::MULTISAMPLE_X4),
            8 => self.contains(tfsc::MULTISAMPLE_X8),
            16 => self.contains(tfsc::MULTISAMPLE_X16),
            _ => false,
        }
    }

    /// A `Vec` of supported sample counts.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn supported_sample_counts(&self) -> Vec<u32> {
        let all_possible_sample_counts: [u32; 5] = [1, 2, 4, 8, 16];
        all_possible_sample_counts
            .into_iter()
            .filter(|&sc| self.sample_count_supported(sc))
            .collect()
    }
}

/// Features supported by a given texture format
///
/// Features are defined by WebGPU specification unless `Features::TEXTURE_ADAPTER_SPECIFIC_FORMAT_FEATURES` is enabled.
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub struct TextureFormatFeatures {
    /// Valid bits for `TextureDescriptor::Usage` provided for format creation.
    pub allowed_usages: TextureUsages,
    /// Additional property flags for the format.
    pub flags: TextureFormatFeatureFlags,
}

/// ASTC block dimensions
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub enum AstcBlock {
    /// 4x4 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (8 bit/px).
    B4x4,
    /// 5x4 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (6.4 bit/px).
    B5x4,
    /// 5x5 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (5.12 bit/px).
    B5x5,
    /// 6x5 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (4.27 bit/px).
    B6x5,
    /// 6x6 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (3.56 bit/px).
    B6x6,
    /// 8x5 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (3.2 bit/px).
    B8x5,
    /// 8x6 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (2.67 bit/px).
    B8x6,
    /// 8x8 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (2 bit/px).
    B8x8,
    /// 10x5 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (2.56 bit/px).
    B10x5,
    /// 10x6 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (2.13 bit/px).
    B10x6,
    /// 10x8 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (1.6 bit/px).
    B10x8,
    /// 10x10 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (1.28 bit/px).
    B10x10,
    /// 12x10 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (1.07 bit/px).
    B12x10,
    /// 12x12 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (0.89 bit/px).
    B12x12,
}

/// ASTC RGBA channel
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub enum AstcChannel {
    /// 8 bit integer RGBA, [0, 255] converted to/from linear-color float [0, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC`] must be enabled to use this channel.
    Unorm,
    /// 8 bit integer RGBA, Srgb-color [0, 255] converted to/from linear-color float [0, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC`] must be enabled to use this channel.
    UnormSrgb,
    /// floating-point RGBA, linear-color float can be outside of the [0, 1] range.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC_HDR`] must be enabled to use this channel.
    Hdr,
}

/// Underlying texture data format.
///
/// If there is a conversion in the format (such as srgb -> linear), the conversion listed here is for
/// loading from texture in a shader. When writing to the texture, the opposite conversion takes place.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUTextureFormat`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gputextureformat).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
pub enum TextureFormat {
    // Normal 8 bit formats
    /// Red channel only. 8 bit integer per channel. [0, 255] converted to/from float [0, 1] in shader.
    R8Unorm,
    /// Red channel only. 8 bit integer per channel. [-127, 127] converted to/from float [-1, 1] in shader.
    R8Snorm,
    /// Red channel only. 8 bit integer per channel. Unsigned in shader.
    R8Uint,
    /// Red channel only. 8 bit integer per channel. Signed in shader.
    R8Sint,

    // Normal 16 bit formats
    /// Red channel only. 16 bit integer per channel. Unsigned in shader.
    R16Uint,
    /// Red channel only. 16 bit integer per channel. Signed in shader.
    R16Sint,
    /// Red channel only. 16 bit integer per channel. [0, 65535] converted to/from float [0, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_FORMAT_16BIT_NORM`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    R16Unorm,
    /// Red channel only. 16 bit integer per channel. [0, 65535] converted to/from float [-1, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_FORMAT_16BIT_NORM`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    R16Snorm,
    /// Red channel only. 16 bit float per channel. Float in shader.
    R16Float,
    /// Red and green channels. 8 bit integer per channel. [0, 255] converted to/from float [0, 1] in shader.
    Rg8Unorm,
    /// Red and green channels. 8 bit integer per channel. [-127, 127] converted to/from float [-1, 1] in shader.
    Rg8Snorm,
    /// Red and green channels. 8 bit integer per channel. Unsigned in shader.
    Rg8Uint,
    /// Red and green channels. 8 bit integer per channel. Signed in shader.
    Rg8Sint,

    // Normal 32 bit formats
    /// Red channel only. 32 bit integer per channel. Unsigned in shader.
    R32Uint,
    /// Red channel only. 32 bit integer per channel. Signed in shader.
    R32Sint,
    /// Red channel only. 32 bit float per channel. Float in shader.
    R32Float,
    /// Red and green channels. 16 bit integer per channel. Unsigned in shader.
    Rg16Uint,
    /// Red and green channels. 16 bit integer per channel. Signed in shader.
    Rg16Sint,
    /// Red and green channels. 16 bit integer per channel. [0, 65535] converted to/from float [0, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_FORMAT_16BIT_NORM`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    Rg16Unorm,
    /// Red and green channels. 16 bit integer per channel. [0, 65535] converted to/from float [-1, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_FORMAT_16BIT_NORM`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    Rg16Snorm,
    /// Red and green channels. 16 bit float per channel. Float in shader.
    Rg16Float,
    /// Red, green, blue, and alpha channels. 8 bit integer per channel. [0, 255] converted to/from float [0, 1] in shader.
    Rgba8Unorm,
    /// Red, green, blue, and alpha channels. 8 bit integer per channel. Srgb-color [0, 255] converted to/from linear-color float [0, 1] in shader.
    Rgba8UnormSrgb,
    /// Red, green, blue, and alpha channels. 8 bit integer per channel. [-127, 127] converted to/from float [-1, 1] in shader.
    Rgba8Snorm,
    /// Red, green, blue, and alpha channels. 8 bit integer per channel. Unsigned in shader.
    Rgba8Uint,
    /// Red, green, blue, and alpha channels. 8 bit integer per channel. Signed in shader.
    Rgba8Sint,
    /// Blue, green, red, and alpha channels. 8 bit integer per channel. [0, 255] converted to/from float [0, 1] in shader.
    Bgra8Unorm,
    /// Blue, green, red, and alpha channels. 8 bit integer per channel. Srgb-color [0, 255] converted to/from linear-color float [0, 1] in shader.
    Bgra8UnormSrgb,

    // Packed 32 bit formats
    /// Packed unsigned float with 9 bits mantisa for each RGB component, then a common 5 bits exponent
    Rgb9e5Ufloat,
    /// Red, green, blue, and alpha channels. 10 bit integer for RGB channels, 2 bit integer for alpha channel. Unsigned in shader.
    Rgb10a2Uint,
    /// Red, green, blue, and alpha channels. 10 bit integer for RGB channels, 2 bit integer for alpha channel. [0, 1023] ([0, 3] for alpha) converted to/from float [0, 1] in shader.
    Rgb10a2Unorm,
    /// Red, green, and blue channels. 11 bit float with no sign bit for RG channels. 10 bit float with no sign bit for blue channel. Float in shader.
    Rg11b10Ufloat,

    // Normal 64 bit formats
    /// Red and green channels. 32 bit integer per channel. Unsigned in shader.
    Rg32Uint,
    /// Red and green channels. 32 bit integer per channel. Signed in shader.
    Rg32Sint,
    /// Red and green channels. 32 bit float per channel. Float in shader.
    Rg32Float,
    /// Red, green, blue, and alpha channels. 16 bit integer per channel. Unsigned in shader.
    Rgba16Uint,
    /// Red, green, blue, and alpha channels. 16 bit integer per channel. Signed in shader.
    Rgba16Sint,
    /// Red, green, blue, and alpha channels. 16 bit integer per channel. [0, 65535] converted to/from float [0, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_FORMAT_16BIT_NORM`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    Rgba16Unorm,
    /// Red, green, blue, and alpha. 16 bit integer per channel. [0, 65535] converted to/from float [-1, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_FORMAT_16BIT_NORM`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    Rgba16Snorm,
    /// Red, green, blue, and alpha channels. 16 bit float per channel. Float in shader.
    Rgba16Float,

    // Normal 128 bit formats
    /// Red, green, blue, and alpha channels. 32 bit integer per channel. Unsigned in shader.
    Rgba32Uint,
    /// Red, green, blue, and alpha channels. 32 bit integer per channel. Signed in shader.
    Rgba32Sint,
    /// Red, green, blue, and alpha channels. 32 bit float per channel. Float in shader.
    Rgba32Float,

    // Depth and stencil formats
    /// Stencil format with 8 bit integer stencil.
    Stencil8,
    /// Special depth format with 16 bit integer depth.
    Depth16Unorm,
    /// Special depth format with at least 24 bit integer depth.
    Depth24Plus,
    /// Special depth/stencil format with at least 24 bit integer depth and 8 bits integer stencil.
    Depth24PlusStencil8,
    /// Special depth format with 32 bit floating point depth.
    Depth32Float,
    /// Special depth/stencil format with 32 bit floating point depth and 8 bits integer stencil.
    ///
    /// [`Features::DEPTH32FLOAT_STENCIL8`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    Depth32FloatStencil8,

    /// YUV 4:2:0 chroma subsampled format.
    ///
    /// Contains two planes:
    /// - 0: Single 8 bit channel luminance.
    /// - 1: Dual 8 bit channel chrominance at half width and half height.
    ///
    /// Valid view formats for luminance are [`TextureFormat::R8Unorm`].
    ///
    /// Valid view formats for chrominance are [`TextureFormat::Rg8Unorm`].
    ///
    /// Width and height must be even.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_FORMAT_NV12`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    NV12,

    // Compressed textures usable with `TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC` feature. `TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_SLICED_3D` is required to use with 3D textures.
    /// 4x4 block compressed texture. 8 bytes per block (4 bit/px). 4 color + alpha pallet. 5 bit R + 6 bit G + 5 bit B + 1 bit alpha.
    /// [0, 63] ([0, 1] for alpha) converted to/from float [0, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// Also known as DXT1.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC_SLICED_3D`] must be enabled to use this texture format with 3D dimension.
    Bc1RgbaUnorm,
    /// 4x4 block compressed texture. 8 bytes per block (4 bit/px). 4 color + alpha pallet. 5 bit R + 6 bit G + 5 bit B + 1 bit alpha.
    /// Srgb-color [0, 63] ([0, 1] for alpha) converted to/from linear-color float [0, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// Also known as DXT1.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC_SLICED_3D`] must be enabled to use this texture format with 3D dimension.
    Bc1RgbaUnormSrgb,
    /// 4x4 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (8 bit/px). 4 color pallet. 5 bit R + 6 bit G + 5 bit B + 4 bit alpha.
    /// [0, 63] ([0, 15] for alpha) converted to/from float [0, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// Also known as DXT3.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC_SLICED_3D`] must be enabled to use this texture format with 3D dimension.
    Bc2RgbaUnorm,
    /// 4x4 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (8 bit/px). 4 color pallet. 5 bit R + 6 bit G + 5 bit B + 4 bit alpha.
    /// Srgb-color [0, 63] ([0, 255] for alpha) converted to/from linear-color float [0, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// Also known as DXT3.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC_SLICED_3D`] must be enabled to use this texture format with 3D dimension.
    Bc2RgbaUnormSrgb,
    /// 4x4 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (8 bit/px). 4 color pallet + 8 alpha pallet. 5 bit R + 6 bit G + 5 bit B + 8 bit alpha.
    /// [0, 63] ([0, 255] for alpha) converted to/from float [0, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// Also known as DXT5.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC_SLICED_3D`] must be enabled to use this texture format with 3D dimension.
    Bc3RgbaUnorm,
    /// 4x4 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (8 bit/px). 4 color pallet + 8 alpha pallet. 5 bit R + 6 bit G + 5 bit B + 8 bit alpha.
    /// Srgb-color [0, 63] ([0, 255] for alpha) converted to/from linear-color float [0, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// Also known as DXT5.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC_SLICED_3D`] must be enabled to use this texture format with 3D dimension.
    Bc3RgbaUnormSrgb,
    /// 4x4 block compressed texture. 8 bytes per block (4 bit/px). 8 color pallet. 8 bit R.
    /// [0, 255] converted to/from float [0, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// Also known as RGTC1.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC_SLICED_3D`] must be enabled to use this texture format with 3D dimension.
    Bc4RUnorm,
    /// 4x4 block compressed texture. 8 bytes per block (4 bit/px). 8 color pallet. 8 bit R.
    /// [-127, 127] converted to/from float [-1, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// Also known as RGTC1.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC_SLICED_3D`] must be enabled to use this texture format with 3D dimension.
    Bc4RSnorm,
    /// 4x4 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (8 bit/px). 8 color red pallet + 8 color green pallet. 8 bit RG.
    /// [0, 255] converted to/from float [0, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// Also known as RGTC2.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC_SLICED_3D`] must be enabled to use this texture format with 3D dimension.
    Bc5RgUnorm,
    /// 4x4 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (8 bit/px). 8 color red pallet + 8 color green pallet. 8 bit RG.
    /// [-127, 127] converted to/from float [-1, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// Also known as RGTC2.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC_SLICED_3D`] must be enabled to use this texture format with 3D dimension.
    Bc5RgSnorm,
    /// 4x4 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (8 bit/px). Variable sized pallet. 16 bit unsigned float RGB. Float in shader.
    ///
    /// Also known as BPTC (float).
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC_SLICED_3D`] must be enabled to use this texture format with 3D dimension.
    Bc6hRgbUfloat,
    /// 4x4 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (8 bit/px). Variable sized pallet. 16 bit signed float RGB. Float in shader.
    ///
    /// Also known as BPTC (float).
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC_SLICED_3D`] must be enabled to use this texture format with 3D dimension.
    Bc6hRgbFloat,
    /// 4x4 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (8 bit/px). Variable sized pallet. 8 bit integer RGBA.
    /// [0, 255] converted to/from float [0, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// Also known as BPTC (unorm).
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC_SLICED_3D`] must be enabled to use this texture format with 3D dimension.
    Bc7RgbaUnorm,
    /// 4x4 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (8 bit/px). Variable sized pallet. 8 bit integer RGBA.
    /// Srgb-color [0, 255] converted to/from linear-color float [0, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// Also known as BPTC (unorm).
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC_SLICED_3D`] must be enabled to use this texture format with 3D dimension.
    Bc7RgbaUnormSrgb,
    /// 4x4 block compressed texture. 8 bytes per block (4 bit/px). Complex pallet. 8 bit integer RGB.
    /// [0, 255] converted to/from float [0, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ETC2`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    Etc2Rgb8Unorm,
    /// 4x4 block compressed texture. 8 bytes per block (4 bit/px). Complex pallet. 8 bit integer RGB.
    /// Srgb-color [0, 255] converted to/from linear-color float [0, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ETC2`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    Etc2Rgb8UnormSrgb,
    /// 4x4 block compressed texture. 8 bytes per block (4 bit/px). Complex pallet. 8 bit integer RGB + 1 bit alpha.
    /// [0, 255] ([0, 1] for alpha) converted to/from float [0, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ETC2`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    Etc2Rgb8A1Unorm,
    /// 4x4 block compressed texture. 8 bytes per block (4 bit/px). Complex pallet. 8 bit integer RGB + 1 bit alpha.
    /// Srgb-color [0, 255] ([0, 1] for alpha) converted to/from linear-color float [0, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ETC2`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    Etc2Rgb8A1UnormSrgb,
    /// 4x4 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (8 bit/px). Complex pallet. 8 bit integer RGB + 8 bit alpha.
    /// [0, 255] converted to/from float [0, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ETC2`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    Etc2Rgba8Unorm,
    /// 4x4 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (8 bit/px). Complex pallet. 8 bit integer RGB + 8 bit alpha.
    /// Srgb-color [0, 255] converted to/from linear-color float [0, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ETC2`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    Etc2Rgba8UnormSrgb,
    /// 4x4 block compressed texture. 8 bytes per block (4 bit/px). Complex pallet. 11 bit integer R.
    /// [0, 255] converted to/from float [0, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ETC2`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    EacR11Unorm,
    /// 4x4 block compressed texture. 8 bytes per block (4 bit/px). Complex pallet. 11 bit integer R.
    /// [-127, 127] converted to/from float [-1, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ETC2`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    EacR11Snorm,
    /// 4x4 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (8 bit/px). Complex pallet. 11 bit integer R + 11 bit integer G.
    /// [0, 255] converted to/from float [0, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ETC2`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    EacRg11Unorm,
    /// 4x4 block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block (8 bit/px). Complex pallet. 11 bit integer R + 11 bit integer G.
    /// [-127, 127] converted to/from float [-1, 1] in shader.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ETC2`] must be enabled to use this texture format.
    EacRg11Snorm,
    /// block compressed texture. 16 bytes per block.
    ///
    /// Features [`TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC`] or [`TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC_HDR`]
    /// must be enabled to use this texture format.
    ///
    /// [`TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC`]: Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC
    /// [`TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC_HDR`]: Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC_HDR
    Astc {
        /// compressed block dimensions
        block: AstcBlock,
        /// ASTC RGBA channel
        channel: AstcChannel,
    },
}

#[cfg(any(feature = "serde", test))]
impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for TextureFormat {
    fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
    where
        D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
    {
        use serde::de::{self, Error, Unexpected};

        struct TextureFormatVisitor;

        impl de::Visitor<'_> for TextureFormatVisitor {
            type Value = TextureFormat;

            fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
                formatter.write_str("a valid texture format")
            }

            fn visit_str<E: Error>(self, s: &str) -> Result<Self::Value, E> {
                let format = match s {
                    "r8unorm" => TextureFormat::R8Unorm,
                    "r8snorm" => TextureFormat::R8Snorm,
                    "r8uint" => TextureFormat::R8Uint,
                    "r8sint" => TextureFormat::R8Sint,
                    "r16uint" => TextureFormat::R16Uint,
                    "r16sint" => TextureFormat::R16Sint,
                    "r16unorm" => TextureFormat::R16Unorm,
                    "r16snorm" => TextureFormat::R16Snorm,
                    "r16float" => TextureFormat::R16Float,
                    "rg8unorm" => TextureFormat::Rg8Unorm,
                    "rg8snorm" => TextureFormat::Rg8Snorm,
                    "rg8uint" => TextureFormat::Rg8Uint,
                    "rg8sint" => TextureFormat::Rg8Sint,
                    "r32uint" => TextureFormat::R32Uint,
                    "r32sint" => TextureFormat::R32Sint,
                    "r32float" => TextureFormat::R32Float,
                    "rg16uint" => TextureFormat::Rg16Uint,
                    "rg16sint" => TextureFormat::Rg16Sint,
                    "rg16unorm" => TextureFormat::Rg16Unorm,
                    "rg16snorm" => TextureFormat::Rg16Snorm,
                    "rg16float" => TextureFormat::Rg16Float,
                    "rgba8unorm" => TextureFormat::Rgba8Unorm,
                    "rgba8unorm-srgb" => TextureFormat::Rgba8UnormSrgb,
                    "rgba8snorm" => TextureFormat::Rgba8Snorm,
                    "rgba8uint" => TextureFormat::Rgba8Uint,
                    "rgba8sint" => TextureFormat::Rgba8Sint,
                    "bgra8unorm" => TextureFormat::Bgra8Unorm,
                    "bgra8unorm-srgb" => TextureFormat::Bgra8UnormSrgb,
                    "rgb10a2uint" => TextureFormat::Rgb10a2Uint,
                    "rgb10a2unorm" => TextureFormat::Rgb10a2Unorm,
                    "rg11b10ufloat" => TextureFormat::Rg11b10Ufloat,
                    "rg32uint" => TextureFormat::Rg32Uint,
                    "rg32sint" => TextureFormat::Rg32Sint,
                    "rg32float" => TextureFormat::Rg32Float,
                    "rgba16uint" => TextureFormat::Rgba16Uint,
                    "rgba16sint" => TextureFormat::Rgba16Sint,
                    "rgba16unorm" => TextureFormat::Rgba16Unorm,
                    "rgba16snorm" => TextureFormat::Rgba16Snorm,
                    "rgba16float" => TextureFormat::Rgba16Float,
                    "rgba32uint" => TextureFormat::Rgba32Uint,
                    "rgba32sint" => TextureFormat::Rgba32Sint,
                    "rgba32float" => TextureFormat::Rgba32Float,
                    "stencil8" => TextureFormat::Stencil8,
                    "depth32float" => TextureFormat::Depth32Float,
                    "depth32float-stencil8" => TextureFormat::Depth32FloatStencil8,
                    "depth16unorm" => TextureFormat::Depth16Unorm,
                    "depth24plus" => TextureFormat::Depth24Plus,
                    "depth24plus-stencil8" => TextureFormat::Depth24PlusStencil8,
                    "nv12" => TextureFormat::NV12,
                    "rgb9e5ufloat" => TextureFormat::Rgb9e5Ufloat,
                    "bc1-rgba-unorm" => TextureFormat::Bc1RgbaUnorm,
                    "bc1-rgba-unorm-srgb" => TextureFormat::Bc1RgbaUnormSrgb,
                    "bc2-rgba-unorm" => TextureFormat::Bc2RgbaUnorm,
                    "bc2-rgba-unorm-srgb" => TextureFormat::Bc2RgbaUnormSrgb,
                    "bc3-rgba-unorm" => TextureFormat::Bc3RgbaUnorm,
                    "bc3-rgba-unorm-srgb" => TextureFormat::Bc3RgbaUnormSrgb,
                    "bc4-r-unorm" => TextureFormat::Bc4RUnorm,
                    "bc4-r-snorm" => TextureFormat::Bc4RSnorm,
                    "bc5-rg-unorm" => TextureFormat::Bc5RgUnorm,
                    "bc5-rg-snorm" => TextureFormat::Bc5RgSnorm,
                    "bc6h-rgb-ufloat" => TextureFormat::Bc6hRgbUfloat,
                    "bc6h-rgb-float" => TextureFormat::Bc6hRgbFloat,
                    "bc7-rgba-unorm" => TextureFormat::Bc7RgbaUnorm,
                    "bc7-rgba-unorm-srgb" => TextureFormat::Bc7RgbaUnormSrgb,
                    "etc2-rgb8unorm" => TextureFormat::Etc2Rgb8Unorm,
                    "etc2-rgb8unorm-srgb" => TextureFormat::Etc2Rgb8UnormSrgb,
                    "etc2-rgb8a1unorm" => TextureFormat::Etc2Rgb8A1Unorm,
                    "etc2-rgb8a1unorm-srgb" => TextureFormat::Etc2Rgb8A1UnormSrgb,
                    "etc2-rgba8unorm" => TextureFormat::Etc2Rgba8Unorm,
                    "etc2-rgba8unorm-srgb" => TextureFormat::Etc2Rgba8UnormSrgb,
                    "eac-r11unorm" => TextureFormat::EacR11Unorm,
                    "eac-r11snorm" => TextureFormat::EacR11Snorm,
                    "eac-rg11unorm" => TextureFormat::EacRg11Unorm,
                    "eac-rg11snorm" => TextureFormat::EacRg11Snorm,
                    other => {
                        if let Some(parts) = other.strip_prefix("astc-") {
                            let (block, channel) = parts
                                .split_once('-')
                                .ok_or_else(|| E::invalid_value(Unexpected::Str(s), &self))?;

                            let block = match block {
                                "4x4" => AstcBlock::B4x4,
                                "5x4" => AstcBlock::B5x4,
                                "5x5" => AstcBlock::B5x5,
                                "6x5" => AstcBlock::B6x5,
                                "6x6" => AstcBlock::B6x6,
                                "8x5" => AstcBlock::B8x5,
                                "8x6" => AstcBlock::B8x6,
                                "8x8" => AstcBlock::B8x8,
                                "10x5" => AstcBlock::B10x5,
                                "10x6" => AstcBlock::B10x6,
                                "10x8" => AstcBlock::B10x8,
                                "10x10" => AstcBlock::B10x10,
                                "12x10" => AstcBlock::B12x10,
                                "12x12" => AstcBlock::B12x12,
                                _ => return Err(E::invalid_value(Unexpected::Str(s), &self)),
                            };

                            let channel = match channel {
                                "unorm" => AstcChannel::Unorm,
                                "unorm-srgb" => AstcChannel::UnormSrgb,
                                "hdr" => AstcChannel::Hdr,
                                _ => return Err(E::invalid_value(Unexpected::Str(s), &self)),
                            };

                            TextureFormat::Astc { block, channel }
                        } else {
                            return Err(E::invalid_value(Unexpected::Str(s), &self));
                        }
                    }
                };

                Ok(format)
            }
        }

        deserializer.deserialize_str(TextureFormatVisitor)
    }
}

#[cfg(any(feature = "serde", test))]
impl Serialize for TextureFormat {
    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
    where
        S: serde::Serializer,
    {
        let s: String;
        let name = match *self {
            TextureFormat::R8Unorm => "r8unorm",
            TextureFormat::R8Snorm => "r8snorm",
            TextureFormat::R8Uint => "r8uint",
            TextureFormat::R8Sint => "r8sint",
            TextureFormat::R16Uint => "r16uint",
            TextureFormat::R16Sint => "r16sint",
            TextureFormat::R16Unorm => "r16unorm",
            TextureFormat::R16Snorm => "r16snorm",
            TextureFormat::R16Float => "r16float",
            TextureFormat::Rg8Unorm => "rg8unorm",
            TextureFormat::Rg8Snorm => "rg8snorm",
            TextureFormat::Rg8Uint => "rg8uint",
            TextureFormat::Rg8Sint => "rg8sint",
            TextureFormat::R32Uint => "r32uint",
            TextureFormat::R32Sint => "r32sint",
            TextureFormat::R32Float => "r32float",
            TextureFormat::Rg16Uint => "rg16uint",
            TextureFormat::Rg16Sint => "rg16sint",
            TextureFormat::Rg16Unorm => "rg16unorm",
            TextureFormat::Rg16Snorm => "rg16snorm",
            TextureFormat::Rg16Float => "rg16float",
            TextureFormat::Rgba8Unorm => "rgba8unorm",
            TextureFormat::Rgba8UnormSrgb => "rgba8unorm-srgb",
            TextureFormat::Rgba8Snorm => "rgba8snorm",
            TextureFormat::Rgba8Uint => "rgba8uint",
            TextureFormat::Rgba8Sint => "rgba8sint",
            TextureFormat::Bgra8Unorm => "bgra8unorm",
            TextureFormat::Bgra8UnormSrgb => "bgra8unorm-srgb",
            TextureFormat::Rgb10a2Uint => "rgb10a2uint",
            TextureFormat::Rgb10a2Unorm => "rgb10a2unorm",
            TextureFormat::Rg11b10Ufloat => "rg11b10ufloat",
            TextureFormat::Rg32Uint => "rg32uint",
            TextureFormat::Rg32Sint => "rg32sint",
            TextureFormat::Rg32Float => "rg32float",
            TextureFormat::Rgba16Uint => "rgba16uint",
            TextureFormat::Rgba16Sint => "rgba16sint",
            TextureFormat::Rgba16Unorm => "rgba16unorm",
            TextureFormat::Rgba16Snorm => "rgba16snorm",
            TextureFormat::Rgba16Float => "rgba16float",
            TextureFormat::Rgba32Uint => "rgba32uint",
            TextureFormat::Rgba32Sint => "rgba32sint",
            TextureFormat::Rgba32Float => "rgba32float",
            TextureFormat::Stencil8 => "stencil8",
            TextureFormat::Depth32Float => "depth32float",
            TextureFormat::Depth16Unorm => "depth16unorm",
            TextureFormat::Depth32FloatStencil8 => "depth32float-stencil8",
            TextureFormat::Depth24Plus => "depth24plus",
            TextureFormat::Depth24PlusStencil8 => "depth24plus-stencil8",
            TextureFormat::NV12 => "nv12",
            TextureFormat::Rgb9e5Ufloat => "rgb9e5ufloat",
            TextureFormat::Bc1RgbaUnorm => "bc1-rgba-unorm",
            TextureFormat::Bc1RgbaUnormSrgb => "bc1-rgba-unorm-srgb",
            TextureFormat::Bc2RgbaUnorm => "bc2-rgba-unorm",
            TextureFormat::Bc2RgbaUnormSrgb => "bc2-rgba-unorm-srgb",
            TextureFormat::Bc3RgbaUnorm => "bc3-rgba-unorm",
            TextureFormat::Bc3RgbaUnormSrgb => "bc3-rgba-unorm-srgb",
            TextureFormat::Bc4RUnorm => "bc4-r-unorm",
            TextureFormat::Bc4RSnorm => "bc4-r-snorm",
            TextureFormat::Bc5RgUnorm => "bc5-rg-unorm",
            TextureFormat::Bc5RgSnorm => "bc5-rg-snorm",
            TextureFormat::Bc6hRgbUfloat => "bc6h-rgb-ufloat",
            TextureFormat::Bc6hRgbFloat => "bc6h-rgb-float",
            TextureFormat::Bc7RgbaUnorm => "bc7-rgba-unorm",
            TextureFormat::Bc7RgbaUnormSrgb => "bc7-rgba-unorm-srgb",
            TextureFormat::Etc2Rgb8Unorm => "etc2-rgb8unorm",
            TextureFormat::Etc2Rgb8UnormSrgb => "etc2-rgb8unorm-srgb",
            TextureFormat::Etc2Rgb8A1Unorm => "etc2-rgb8a1unorm",
            TextureFormat::Etc2Rgb8A1UnormSrgb => "etc2-rgb8a1unorm-srgb",
            TextureFormat::Etc2Rgba8Unorm => "etc2-rgba8unorm",
            TextureFormat::Etc2Rgba8UnormSrgb => "etc2-rgba8unorm-srgb",
            TextureFormat::EacR11Unorm => "eac-r11unorm",
            TextureFormat::EacR11Snorm => "eac-r11snorm",
            TextureFormat::EacRg11Unorm => "eac-rg11unorm",
            TextureFormat::EacRg11Snorm => "eac-rg11snorm",
            TextureFormat::Astc { block, channel } => {
                let block = match block {
                    AstcBlock::B4x4 => "4x4",
                    AstcBlock::B5x4 => "5x4",
                    AstcBlock::B5x5 => "5x5",
                    AstcBlock::B6x5 => "6x5",
                    AstcBlock::B6x6 => "6x6",
                    AstcBlock::B8x5 => "8x5",
                    AstcBlock::B8x6 => "8x6",
                    AstcBlock::B8x8 => "8x8",
                    AstcBlock::B10x5 => "10x5",
                    AstcBlock::B10x6 => "10x6",
                    AstcBlock::B10x8 => "10x8",
                    AstcBlock::B10x10 => "10x10",
                    AstcBlock::B12x10 => "12x10",
                    AstcBlock::B12x12 => "12x12",
                };

                let channel = match channel {
                    AstcChannel::Unorm => "unorm",
                    AstcChannel::UnormSrgb => "unorm-srgb",
                    AstcChannel::Hdr => "hdr",
                };

                s = format!("astc-{block}-{channel}");
                &s
            }
        };
        serializer.serialize_str(name)
    }
}

impl TextureAspect {
    /// Returns the texture aspect for a given plane.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn from_plane(plane: u32) -> Option<Self> {
        Some(match plane {
            0 => Self::Plane0,
            1 => Self::Plane1,
            2 => Self::Plane2,
            _ => return None,
        })
    }
}

impl TextureFormat {
    /// Returns the aspect-specific format of the original format
    ///
    /// see <https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#abstract-opdef-resolving-gputextureaspect>
    #[must_use]
    pub fn aspect_specific_format(&self, aspect: TextureAspect) -> Option<Self> {
        match (*self, aspect) {
            (Self::Stencil8, TextureAspect::StencilOnly) => Some(*self),
            (
                Self::Depth16Unorm | Self::Depth24Plus | Self::Depth32Float,
                TextureAspect::DepthOnly,
            ) => Some(*self),
            (
                Self::Depth24PlusStencil8 | Self::Depth32FloatStencil8,
                TextureAspect::StencilOnly,
            ) => Some(Self::Stencil8),
            (Self::Depth24PlusStencil8, TextureAspect::DepthOnly) => Some(Self::Depth24Plus),
            (Self::Depth32FloatStencil8, TextureAspect::DepthOnly) => Some(Self::Depth32Float),
            (Self::NV12, TextureAspect::Plane0) => Some(Self::R8Unorm),
            (Self::NV12, TextureAspect::Plane1) => Some(Self::Rg8Unorm),
            // views to multi-planar formats must specify the plane
            (format, TextureAspect::All) if !format.is_multi_planar_format() => Some(format),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// Returns `true` if `self` is a depth or stencil component of the given
    /// combined depth-stencil format
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_depth_stencil_component(&self, combined_format: Self) -> bool {
        match (combined_format, *self) {
            (Self::Depth24PlusStencil8, Self::Depth24Plus | Self::Stencil8)
            | (Self::Depth32FloatStencil8, Self::Depth32Float | Self::Stencil8) => true,
            _ => false,
        }
    }

    /// Returns `true` if the format is a depth and/or stencil format
    ///
    /// see <https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#depth-formats>
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_depth_stencil_format(&self) -> bool {
        match *self {
            Self::Stencil8
            | Self::Depth16Unorm
            | Self::Depth24Plus
            | Self::Depth24PlusStencil8
            | Self::Depth32Float
            | Self::Depth32FloatStencil8 => true,
            _ => false,
        }
    }

    /// Returns `true` if the format is a combined depth-stencil format
    ///
    /// see <https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#combined-depth-stencil-format>
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_combined_depth_stencil_format(&self) -> bool {
        match *self {
            Self::Depth24PlusStencil8 | Self::Depth32FloatStencil8 => true,
            _ => false,
        }
    }

    /// Returns `true` if the format is a multi-planar format
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_multi_planar_format(&self) -> bool {
        self.planes().is_some()
    }

    /// Returns the number of planes a multi-planar format has.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn planes(&self) -> Option<u32> {
        match *self {
            Self::NV12 => Some(2),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// Returns `true` if the format has a color aspect
    #[must_use]
    pub fn has_color_aspect(&self) -> bool {
        !self.is_depth_stencil_format()
    }

    /// Returns `true` if the format has a depth aspect
    #[must_use]
    pub fn has_depth_aspect(&self) -> bool {
        match *self {
            Self::Depth16Unorm
            | Self::Depth24Plus
            | Self::Depth24PlusStencil8
            | Self::Depth32Float
            | Self::Depth32FloatStencil8 => true,
            _ => false,
        }
    }

    /// Returns `true` if the format has a stencil aspect
    #[must_use]
    pub fn has_stencil_aspect(&self) -> bool {
        match *self {
            Self::Stencil8 | Self::Depth24PlusStencil8 | Self::Depth32FloatStencil8 => true,
            _ => false,
        }
    }

    /// Returns the size multiple requirement for a texture using this format.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn size_multiple_requirement(&self) -> (u32, u32) {
        match *self {
            Self::NV12 => (2, 2),
            _ => self.block_dimensions(),
        }
    }

    /// Returns the dimension of a [block](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#texel-block) of texels.
    ///
    /// Uncompressed formats have a block dimension of `(1, 1)`.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn block_dimensions(&self) -> (u32, u32) {
        match *self {
            Self::R8Unorm
            | Self::R8Snorm
            | Self::R8Uint
            | Self::R8Sint
            | Self::R16Uint
            | Self::R16Sint
            | Self::R16Unorm
            | Self::R16Snorm
            | Self::R16Float
            | Self::Rg8Unorm
            | Self::Rg8Snorm
            | Self::Rg8Uint
            | Self::Rg8Sint
            | Self::R32Uint
            | Self::R32Sint
            | Self::R32Float
            | Self::Rg16Uint
            | Self::Rg16Sint
            | Self::Rg16Unorm
            | Self::Rg16Snorm
            | Self::Rg16Float
            | Self::Rgba8Unorm
            | Self::Rgba8UnormSrgb
            | Self::Rgba8Snorm
            | Self::Rgba8Uint
            | Self::Rgba8Sint
            | Self::Bgra8Unorm
            | Self::Bgra8UnormSrgb
            | Self::Rgb9e5Ufloat
            | Self::Rgb10a2Uint
            | Self::Rgb10a2Unorm
            | Self::Rg11b10Ufloat
            | Self::Rg32Uint
            | Self::Rg32Sint
            | Self::Rg32Float
            | Self::Rgba16Uint
            | Self::Rgba16Sint
            | Self::Rgba16Unorm
            | Self::Rgba16Snorm
            | Self::Rgba16Float
            | Self::Rgba32Uint
            | Self::Rgba32Sint
            | Self::Rgba32Float
            | Self::Stencil8
            | Self::Depth16Unorm
            | Self::Depth24Plus
            | Self::Depth24PlusStencil8
            | Self::Depth32Float
            | Self::Depth32FloatStencil8
            | Self::NV12 => (1, 1),

            Self::Bc1RgbaUnorm
            | Self::Bc1RgbaUnormSrgb
            | Self::Bc2RgbaUnorm
            | Self::Bc2RgbaUnormSrgb
            | Self::Bc3RgbaUnorm
            | Self::Bc3RgbaUnormSrgb
            | Self::Bc4RUnorm
            | Self::Bc4RSnorm
            | Self::Bc5RgUnorm
            | Self::Bc5RgSnorm
            | Self::Bc6hRgbUfloat
            | Self::Bc6hRgbFloat
            | Self::Bc7RgbaUnorm
            | Self::Bc7RgbaUnormSrgb => (4, 4),

            Self::Etc2Rgb8Unorm
            | Self::Etc2Rgb8UnormSrgb
            | Self::Etc2Rgb8A1Unorm
            | Self::Etc2Rgb8A1UnormSrgb
            | Self::Etc2Rgba8Unorm
            | Self::Etc2Rgba8UnormSrgb
            | Self::EacR11Unorm
            | Self::EacR11Snorm
            | Self::EacRg11Unorm
            | Self::EacRg11Snorm => (4, 4),

            Self::Astc { block, .. } => match block {
                AstcBlock::B4x4 => (4, 4),
                AstcBlock::B5x4 => (5, 4),
                AstcBlock::B5x5 => (5, 5),
                AstcBlock::B6x5 => (6, 5),
                AstcBlock::B6x6 => (6, 6),
                AstcBlock::B8x5 => (8, 5),
                AstcBlock::B8x6 => (8, 6),
                AstcBlock::B8x8 => (8, 8),
                AstcBlock::B10x5 => (10, 5),
                AstcBlock::B10x6 => (10, 6),
                AstcBlock::B10x8 => (10, 8),
                AstcBlock::B10x10 => (10, 10),
                AstcBlock::B12x10 => (12, 10),
                AstcBlock::B12x12 => (12, 12),
            },
        }
    }

    /// Returns `true` for compressed formats.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_compressed(&self) -> bool {
        self.block_dimensions() != (1, 1)
    }

    /// Returns `true` for BCn compressed formats.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_bcn(&self) -> bool {
        self.required_features() == Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC
    }

    /// Returns the required features (if any) in order to use the texture.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn required_features(&self) -> Features {
        match *self {
            Self::R8Unorm
            | Self::R8Snorm
            | Self::R8Uint
            | Self::R8Sint
            | Self::R16Uint
            | Self::R16Sint
            | Self::R16Float
            | Self::Rg8Unorm
            | Self::Rg8Snorm
            | Self::Rg8Uint
            | Self::Rg8Sint
            | Self::R32Uint
            | Self::R32Sint
            | Self::R32Float
            | Self::Rg16Uint
            | Self::Rg16Sint
            | Self::Rg16Float
            | Self::Rgba8Unorm
            | Self::Rgba8UnormSrgb
            | Self::Rgba8Snorm
            | Self::Rgba8Uint
            | Self::Rgba8Sint
            | Self::Bgra8Unorm
            | Self::Bgra8UnormSrgb
            | Self::Rgb9e5Ufloat
            | Self::Rgb10a2Uint
            | Self::Rgb10a2Unorm
            | Self::Rg11b10Ufloat
            | Self::Rg32Uint
            | Self::Rg32Sint
            | Self::Rg32Float
            | Self::Rgba16Uint
            | Self::Rgba16Sint
            | Self::Rgba16Float
            | Self::Rgba32Uint
            | Self::Rgba32Sint
            | Self::Rgba32Float
            | Self::Stencil8
            | Self::Depth16Unorm
            | Self::Depth24Plus
            | Self::Depth24PlusStencil8
            | Self::Depth32Float => Features::empty(),

            Self::Depth32FloatStencil8 => Features::DEPTH32FLOAT_STENCIL8,

            Self::NV12 => Features::TEXTURE_FORMAT_NV12,

            Self::R16Unorm
            | Self::R16Snorm
            | Self::Rg16Unorm
            | Self::Rg16Snorm
            | Self::Rgba16Unorm
            | Self::Rgba16Snorm => Features::TEXTURE_FORMAT_16BIT_NORM,

            Self::Bc1RgbaUnorm
            | Self::Bc1RgbaUnormSrgb
            | Self::Bc2RgbaUnorm
            | Self::Bc2RgbaUnormSrgb
            | Self::Bc3RgbaUnorm
            | Self::Bc3RgbaUnormSrgb
            | Self::Bc4RUnorm
            | Self::Bc4RSnorm
            | Self::Bc5RgUnorm
            | Self::Bc5RgSnorm
            | Self::Bc6hRgbUfloat
            | Self::Bc6hRgbFloat
            | Self::Bc7RgbaUnorm
            | Self::Bc7RgbaUnormSrgb => Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC,

            Self::Etc2Rgb8Unorm
            | Self::Etc2Rgb8UnormSrgb
            | Self::Etc2Rgb8A1Unorm
            | Self::Etc2Rgb8A1UnormSrgb
            | Self::Etc2Rgba8Unorm
            | Self::Etc2Rgba8UnormSrgb
            | Self::EacR11Unorm
            | Self::EacR11Snorm
            | Self::EacRg11Unorm
            | Self::EacRg11Snorm => Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ETC2,

            Self::Astc { channel, .. } => match channel {
                AstcChannel::Hdr => Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC_HDR,
                AstcChannel::Unorm | AstcChannel::UnormSrgb => Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC,
            },
        }
    }

    /// Returns the format features guaranteed by the WebGPU spec.
    ///
    /// Additional features are available if `Features::TEXTURE_ADAPTER_SPECIFIC_FORMAT_FEATURES` is enabled.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn guaranteed_format_features(&self, device_features: Features) -> TextureFormatFeatures {
        // Multisampling
        let none = TextureFormatFeatureFlags::empty();
        let msaa = TextureFormatFeatureFlags::MULTISAMPLE_X4;
        let msaa_resolve = msaa | TextureFormatFeatureFlags::MULTISAMPLE_RESOLVE;

        let s_ro_wo = TextureFormatFeatureFlags::STORAGE_READ_ONLY
            | TextureFormatFeatureFlags::STORAGE_WRITE_ONLY;
        let s_all = s_ro_wo | TextureFormatFeatureFlags::STORAGE_READ_WRITE;

        // Flags
        let basic =
            TextureUsages::COPY_SRC | TextureUsages::COPY_DST | TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING;
        let attachment = basic | TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT;
        let storage = basic | TextureUsages::STORAGE_BINDING;
        let binding = TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING;
        let all_flags = TextureUsages::all();
        let rg11b10f = if device_features.contains(Features::RG11B10UFLOAT_RENDERABLE) {
            attachment
        } else {
            basic
        };
        let (bgra8unorm_f, bgra8unorm) = if device_features.contains(Features::BGRA8UNORM_STORAGE) {
            (
                msaa_resolve | TextureFormatFeatureFlags::STORAGE_WRITE_ONLY,
                attachment | TextureUsages::STORAGE_BINDING,
            )
        } else {
            (msaa_resolve, attachment)
        };

        #[rustfmt::skip] // lets make a nice table
        let (
            mut flags,
            allowed_usages,
        ) = match *self {
            Self::R8Unorm =>              (msaa_resolve, attachment),
            Self::R8Snorm =>              (        none,      basic),
            Self::R8Uint =>               (        msaa, attachment),
            Self::R8Sint =>               (        msaa, attachment),
            Self::R16Uint =>              (        msaa, attachment),
            Self::R16Sint =>              (        msaa, attachment),
            Self::R16Float =>             (msaa_resolve, attachment),
            Self::Rg8Unorm =>             (msaa_resolve, attachment),
            Self::Rg8Snorm =>             (        none,      basic),
            Self::Rg8Uint =>              (        msaa, attachment),
            Self::Rg8Sint =>              (        msaa, attachment),
            Self::R32Uint =>              (       s_all,  all_flags),
            Self::R32Sint =>              (       s_all,  all_flags),
            Self::R32Float =>             (msaa | s_all,  all_flags),
            Self::Rg16Uint =>             (        msaa, attachment),
            Self::Rg16Sint =>             (        msaa, attachment),
            Self::Rg16Float =>            (msaa_resolve, attachment),
            Self::Rgba8Unorm =>           (msaa_resolve | s_ro_wo,  all_flags),
            Self::Rgba8UnormSrgb =>       (msaa_resolve, attachment),
            Self::Rgba8Snorm =>           (     s_ro_wo,    storage),
            Self::Rgba8Uint =>            (        msaa | s_ro_wo,  all_flags),
            Self::Rgba8Sint =>            (        msaa | s_ro_wo,  all_flags),
            Self::Bgra8Unorm =>           (bgra8unorm_f, bgra8unorm),
            Self::Bgra8UnormSrgb =>       (msaa_resolve, attachment),
            Self::Rgb10a2Uint =>          (        msaa, attachment),
            Self::Rgb10a2Unorm =>         (msaa_resolve, attachment),
            Self::Rg11b10Ufloat =>        (        msaa,   rg11b10f),
            Self::Rg32Uint =>             (     s_ro_wo,  all_flags),
            Self::Rg32Sint =>             (     s_ro_wo,  all_flags),
            Self::Rg32Float =>            (     s_ro_wo,  all_flags),
            Self::Rgba16Uint =>           (        msaa | s_ro_wo,  all_flags),
            Self::Rgba16Sint =>           (        msaa | s_ro_wo,  all_flags),
            Self::Rgba16Float =>          (msaa_resolve | s_ro_wo,  all_flags),
            Self::Rgba32Uint =>           (     s_ro_wo,  all_flags),
            Self::Rgba32Sint =>           (     s_ro_wo,  all_flags),
            Self::Rgba32Float =>          (     s_ro_wo,  all_flags),

            Self::Stencil8 =>             (        msaa, attachment),
            Self::Depth16Unorm =>         (        msaa, attachment),
            Self::Depth24Plus =>          (        msaa, attachment),
            Self::Depth24PlusStencil8 =>  (        msaa, attachment),
            Self::Depth32Float =>         (        msaa, attachment),
            Self::Depth32FloatStencil8 => (        msaa, attachment),

            // We only support sampling nv12 textures until we implement transfer plane data.
            Self::NV12 =>                 (        none,    binding),

            Self::R16Unorm =>             (        msaa | s_ro_wo,    storage),
            Self::R16Snorm =>             (        msaa | s_ro_wo,    storage),
            Self::Rg16Unorm =>            (        msaa | s_ro_wo,    storage),
            Self::Rg16Snorm =>            (        msaa | s_ro_wo,    storage),
            Self::Rgba16Unorm =>          (        msaa | s_ro_wo,    storage),
            Self::Rgba16Snorm =>          (        msaa | s_ro_wo,    storage),

            Self::Rgb9e5Ufloat =>         (        none,      basic),

            Self::Bc1RgbaUnorm =>         (        none,      basic),
            Self::Bc1RgbaUnormSrgb =>     (        none,      basic),
            Self::Bc2RgbaUnorm =>         (        none,      basic),
            Self::Bc2RgbaUnormSrgb =>     (        none,      basic),
            Self::Bc3RgbaUnorm =>         (        none,      basic),
            Self::Bc3RgbaUnormSrgb =>     (        none,      basic),
            Self::Bc4RUnorm =>            (        none,      basic),
            Self::Bc4RSnorm =>            (        none,      basic),
            Self::Bc5RgUnorm =>           (        none,      basic),
            Self::Bc5RgSnorm =>           (        none,      basic),
            Self::Bc6hRgbUfloat =>        (        none,      basic),
            Self::Bc6hRgbFloat =>         (        none,      basic),
            Self::Bc7RgbaUnorm =>         (        none,      basic),
            Self::Bc7RgbaUnormSrgb =>     (        none,      basic),

            Self::Etc2Rgb8Unorm =>        (        none,      basic),
            Self::Etc2Rgb8UnormSrgb =>    (        none,      basic),
            Self::Etc2Rgb8A1Unorm =>      (        none,      basic),
            Self::Etc2Rgb8A1UnormSrgb =>  (        none,      basic),
            Self::Etc2Rgba8Unorm =>       (        none,      basic),
            Self::Etc2Rgba8UnormSrgb =>   (        none,      basic),
            Self::EacR11Unorm =>          (        none,      basic),
            Self::EacR11Snorm =>          (        none,      basic),
            Self::EacRg11Unorm =>         (        none,      basic),
            Self::EacRg11Snorm =>         (        none,      basic),

            Self::Astc { .. } =>          (        none,      basic),
        };

        // Get whether the format is filterable, taking features into account
        let sample_type1 = self.sample_type(None, Some(device_features));
        let is_filterable = sample_type1 == Some(TextureSampleType::Float { filterable: true });

        // Features that enable filtering don't affect blendability
        let sample_type2 = self.sample_type(None, None);
        let is_blendable = sample_type2 == Some(TextureSampleType::Float { filterable: true });

        flags.set(TextureFormatFeatureFlags::FILTERABLE, is_filterable);
        flags.set(TextureFormatFeatureFlags::BLENDABLE, is_blendable);

        TextureFormatFeatures {
            allowed_usages,
            flags,
        }
    }

    /// Returns the sample type compatible with this format and aspect.
    ///
    /// Returns `None` only if this is a combined depth-stencil format or a multi-planar format
    /// and `TextureAspect::All` or no `aspect` was provided.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn sample_type(
        &self,
        aspect: Option<TextureAspect>,
        device_features: Option<Features>,
    ) -> Option<TextureSampleType> {
        let float = TextureSampleType::Float { filterable: true };
        let unfilterable_float = TextureSampleType::Float { filterable: false };
        let float32_sample_type = TextureSampleType::Float {
            filterable: device_features
                .unwrap_or(Features::empty())
                .contains(Features::FLOAT32_FILTERABLE),
        };
        let depth = TextureSampleType::Depth;
        let uint = TextureSampleType::Uint;
        let sint = TextureSampleType::Sint;

        match *self {
            Self::R8Unorm
            | Self::R8Snorm
            | Self::Rg8Unorm
            | Self::Rg8Snorm
            | Self::Rgba8Unorm
            | Self::Rgba8UnormSrgb
            | Self::Rgba8Snorm
            | Self::Bgra8Unorm
            | Self::Bgra8UnormSrgb
            | Self::R16Float
            | Self::Rg16Float
            | Self::Rgba16Float
            | Self::Rgb10a2Unorm
            | Self::Rg11b10Ufloat => Some(float),

            Self::R32Float | Self::Rg32Float | Self::Rgba32Float => Some(float32_sample_type),

            Self::R8Uint
            | Self::Rg8Uint
            | Self::Rgba8Uint
            | Self::R16Uint
            | Self::Rg16Uint
            | Self::Rgba16Uint
            | Self::R32Uint
            | Self::Rg32Uint
            | Self::Rgba32Uint
            | Self::Rgb10a2Uint => Some(uint),

            Self::R8Sint
            | Self::Rg8Sint
            | Self::Rgba8Sint
            | Self::R16Sint
            | Self::Rg16Sint
            | Self::Rgba16Sint
            | Self::R32Sint
            | Self::Rg32Sint
            | Self::Rgba32Sint => Some(sint),

            Self::Stencil8 => Some(uint),
            Self::Depth16Unorm | Self::Depth24Plus | Self::Depth32Float => Some(depth),
            Self::Depth24PlusStencil8 | Self::Depth32FloatStencil8 => match aspect {
                Some(TextureAspect::DepthOnly) => Some(depth),
                Some(TextureAspect::StencilOnly) => Some(uint),
                _ => None,
            },

            Self::NV12 => match aspect {
                Some(TextureAspect::Plane0) | Some(TextureAspect::Plane1) => {
                    Some(unfilterable_float)
                }
                _ => None,
            },

            Self::R16Unorm
            | Self::R16Snorm
            | Self::Rg16Unorm
            | Self::Rg16Snorm
            | Self::Rgba16Unorm
            | Self::Rgba16Snorm => Some(float),

            Self::Rgb9e5Ufloat => Some(float),

            Self::Bc1RgbaUnorm
            | Self::Bc1RgbaUnormSrgb
            | Self::Bc2RgbaUnorm
            | Self::Bc2RgbaUnormSrgb
            | Self::Bc3RgbaUnorm
            | Self::Bc3RgbaUnormSrgb
            | Self::Bc4RUnorm
            | Self::Bc4RSnorm
            | Self::Bc5RgUnorm
            | Self::Bc5RgSnorm
            | Self::Bc6hRgbUfloat
            | Self::Bc6hRgbFloat
            | Self::Bc7RgbaUnorm
            | Self::Bc7RgbaUnormSrgb => Some(float),

            Self::Etc2Rgb8Unorm
            | Self::Etc2Rgb8UnormSrgb
            | Self::Etc2Rgb8A1Unorm
            | Self::Etc2Rgb8A1UnormSrgb
            | Self::Etc2Rgba8Unorm
            | Self::Etc2Rgba8UnormSrgb
            | Self::EacR11Unorm
            | Self::EacR11Snorm
            | Self::EacRg11Unorm
            | Self::EacRg11Snorm => Some(float),

            Self::Astc { .. } => Some(float),
        }
    }

    /// The number of bytes one [texel block](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#texel-block) occupies during an image copy, if applicable.
    ///
    /// Known as the [texel block copy footprint](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#texel-block-copy-footprint).
    ///
    /// Note that for uncompressed formats this is the same as the size of a single texel,
    /// since uncompressed formats have a block size of 1x1.
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if any of the following are true:
    ///  - the format is a combined depth-stencil and no `aspect` was provided
    ///  - the format is a multi-planar format and no `aspect` was provided
    ///  - the format is `Depth24Plus`
    ///  - the format is `Depth24PlusStencil8` and `aspect` is depth.
    #[deprecated(since = "0.19.0", note = "Use `block_copy_size` instead.")]
    #[must_use]
    pub fn block_size(&self, aspect: Option<TextureAspect>) -> Option<u32> {
        self.block_copy_size(aspect)
    }

    /// The number of bytes one [texel block](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#texel-block) occupies during an image copy, if applicable.
    ///
    /// Known as the [texel block copy footprint](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#texel-block-copy-footprint).
    ///
    /// Note that for uncompressed formats this is the same as the size of a single texel,
    /// since uncompressed formats have a block size of 1x1.
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if any of the following are true:
    ///  - the format is a combined depth-stencil and no `aspect` was provided
    ///  - the format is a multi-planar format and no `aspect` was provided
    ///  - the format is `Depth24Plus`
    ///  - the format is `Depth24PlusStencil8` and `aspect` is depth.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn block_copy_size(&self, aspect: Option<TextureAspect>) -> Option<u32> {
        match *self {
            Self::R8Unorm | Self::R8Snorm | Self::R8Uint | Self::R8Sint => Some(1),

            Self::Rg8Unorm | Self::Rg8Snorm | Self::Rg8Uint | Self::Rg8Sint => Some(2),
            Self::R16Unorm | Self::R16Snorm | Self::R16Uint | Self::R16Sint | Self::R16Float => {
                Some(2)
            }

            Self::Rgba8Unorm
            | Self::Rgba8UnormSrgb
            | Self::Rgba8Snorm
            | Self::Rgba8Uint
            | Self::Rgba8Sint
            | Self::Bgra8Unorm
            | Self::Bgra8UnormSrgb => Some(4),
            Self::Rg16Unorm
            | Self::Rg16Snorm
            | Self::Rg16Uint
            | Self::Rg16Sint
            | Self::Rg16Float => Some(4),
            Self::R32Uint | Self::R32Sint | Self::R32Float => Some(4),
            Self::Rgb9e5Ufloat | Self::Rgb10a2Uint | Self::Rgb10a2Unorm | Self::Rg11b10Ufloat => {
                Some(4)
            }

            Self::Rgba16Unorm
            | Self::Rgba16Snorm
            | Self::Rgba16Uint
            | Self::Rgba16Sint
            | Self::Rgba16Float => Some(8),
            Self::Rg32Uint | Self::Rg32Sint | Self::Rg32Float => Some(8),

            Self::Rgba32Uint | Self::Rgba32Sint | Self::Rgba32Float => Some(16),

            Self::Stencil8 => Some(1),
            Self::Depth16Unorm => Some(2),
            Self::Depth32Float => Some(4),
            Self::Depth24Plus => None,
            Self::Depth24PlusStencil8 => match aspect {
                Some(TextureAspect::DepthOnly) => None,
                Some(TextureAspect::StencilOnly) => Some(1),
                _ => None,
            },
            Self::Depth32FloatStencil8 => match aspect {
                Some(TextureAspect::DepthOnly) => Some(4),
                Some(TextureAspect::StencilOnly) => Some(1),
                _ => None,
            },

            Self::NV12 => match aspect {
                Some(TextureAspect::Plane0) => Some(1),
                Some(TextureAspect::Plane1) => Some(2),
                _ => None,
            },

            Self::Bc1RgbaUnorm | Self::Bc1RgbaUnormSrgb | Self::Bc4RUnorm | Self::Bc4RSnorm => {
                Some(8)
            }
            Self::Bc2RgbaUnorm
            | Self::Bc2RgbaUnormSrgb
            | Self::Bc3RgbaUnorm
            | Self::Bc3RgbaUnormSrgb
            | Self::Bc5RgUnorm
            | Self::Bc5RgSnorm
            | Self::Bc6hRgbUfloat
            | Self::Bc6hRgbFloat
            | Self::Bc7RgbaUnorm
            | Self::Bc7RgbaUnormSrgb => Some(16),

            Self::Etc2Rgb8Unorm
            | Self::Etc2Rgb8UnormSrgb
            | Self::Etc2Rgb8A1Unorm
            | Self::Etc2Rgb8A1UnormSrgb
            | Self::EacR11Unorm
            | Self::EacR11Snorm => Some(8),
            Self::Etc2Rgba8Unorm
            | Self::Etc2Rgba8UnormSrgb
            | Self::EacRg11Unorm
            | Self::EacRg11Snorm => Some(16),

            Self::Astc { .. } => Some(16),
        }
    }

    /// The number of bytes occupied per pixel in a color attachment
    /// <https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#render-target-pixel-byte-cost>
    #[must_use]
    pub fn target_pixel_byte_cost(&self) -> Option<u32> {
        match *self {
            Self::R8Unorm | Self::R8Snorm | Self::R8Uint | Self::R8Sint => Some(1),
            Self::Rg8Unorm
            | Self::Rg8Snorm
            | Self::Rg8Uint
            | Self::Rg8Sint
            | Self::R16Uint
            | Self::R16Sint
            | Self::R16Unorm
            | Self::R16Snorm
            | Self::R16Float => Some(2),
            Self::Rgba8Uint
            | Self::Rgba8Sint
            | Self::Rg16Uint
            | Self::Rg16Sint
            | Self::Rg16Unorm
            | Self::Rg16Snorm
            | Self::Rg16Float
            | Self::R32Uint
            | Self::R32Sint
            | Self::R32Float => Some(4),
            Self::Rgba8Unorm
            | Self::Rgba8UnormSrgb
            | Self::Rgba8Snorm
            | Self::Bgra8Unorm
            | Self::Bgra8UnormSrgb
            | Self::Rgba16Uint
            | Self::Rgba16Sint
            | Self::Rgba16Unorm
            | Self::Rgba16Snorm
            | Self::Rgba16Float
            | Self::Rg32Uint
            | Self::Rg32Sint
            | Self::Rg32Float
            | Self::Rgb10a2Uint
            | Self::Rgb10a2Unorm
            | Self::Rg11b10Ufloat => Some(8),
            Self::Rgba32Uint | Self::Rgba32Sint | Self::Rgba32Float => Some(16),
            Self::Stencil8
            | Self::Depth16Unorm
            | Self::Depth24Plus
            | Self::Depth24PlusStencil8
            | Self::Depth32Float
            | Self::Depth32FloatStencil8
            | Self::NV12
            | Self::Rgb9e5Ufloat
            | Self::Bc1RgbaUnorm
            | Self::Bc1RgbaUnormSrgb
            | Self::Bc2RgbaUnorm
            | Self::Bc2RgbaUnormSrgb
            | Self::Bc3RgbaUnorm
            | Self::Bc3RgbaUnormSrgb
            | Self::Bc4RUnorm
            | Self::Bc4RSnorm
            | Self::Bc5RgUnorm
            | Self::Bc5RgSnorm
            | Self::Bc6hRgbUfloat
            | Self::Bc6hRgbFloat
            | Self::Bc7RgbaUnorm
            | Self::Bc7RgbaUnormSrgb
            | Self::Etc2Rgb8Unorm
            | Self::Etc2Rgb8UnormSrgb
            | Self::Etc2Rgb8A1Unorm
            | Self::Etc2Rgb8A1UnormSrgb
            | Self::Etc2Rgba8Unorm
            | Self::Etc2Rgba8UnormSrgb
            | Self::EacR11Unorm
            | Self::EacR11Snorm
            | Self::EacRg11Unorm
            | Self::EacRg11Snorm
            | Self::Astc { .. } => None,
        }
    }

    /// See <https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#render-target-component-alignment>
    #[must_use]
    pub fn target_component_alignment(&self) -> Option<u32> {
        match *self {
            Self::R8Unorm
            | Self::R8Snorm
            | Self::R8Uint
            | Self::R8Sint
            | Self::Rg8Unorm
            | Self::Rg8Snorm
            | Self::Rg8Uint
            | Self::Rg8Sint
            | Self::Rgba8Unorm
            | Self::Rgba8UnormSrgb
            | Self::Rgba8Snorm
            | Self::Rgba8Uint
            | Self::Rgba8Sint
            | Self::Bgra8Unorm
            | Self::Bgra8UnormSrgb => Some(1),
            Self::R16Uint
            | Self::R16Sint
            | Self::R16Unorm
            | Self::R16Snorm
            | Self::R16Float
            | Self::Rg16Uint
            | Self::Rg16Sint
            | Self::Rg16Unorm
            | Self::Rg16Snorm
            | Self::Rg16Float
            | Self::Rgba16Uint
            | Self::Rgba16Sint
            | Self::Rgba16Unorm
            | Self::Rgba16Snorm
            | Self::Rgba16Float => Some(2),
            Self::R32Uint
            | Self::R32Sint
            | Self::R32Float
            | Self::Rg32Uint
            | Self::Rg32Sint
            | Self::Rg32Float
            | Self::Rgba32Uint
            | Self::Rgba32Sint
            | Self::Rgba32Float
            | Self::Rgb10a2Uint
            | Self::Rgb10a2Unorm
            | Self::Rg11b10Ufloat => Some(4),
            Self::Stencil8
            | Self::Depth16Unorm
            | Self::Depth24Plus
            | Self::Depth24PlusStencil8
            | Self::Depth32Float
            | Self::Depth32FloatStencil8
            | Self::NV12
            | Self::Rgb9e5Ufloat
            | Self::Bc1RgbaUnorm
            | Self::Bc1RgbaUnormSrgb
            | Self::Bc2RgbaUnorm
            | Self::Bc2RgbaUnormSrgb
            | Self::Bc3RgbaUnorm
            | Self::Bc3RgbaUnormSrgb
            | Self::Bc4RUnorm
            | Self::Bc4RSnorm
            | Self::Bc5RgUnorm
            | Self::Bc5RgSnorm
            | Self::Bc6hRgbUfloat
            | Self::Bc6hRgbFloat
            | Self::Bc7RgbaUnorm
            | Self::Bc7RgbaUnormSrgb
            | Self::Etc2Rgb8Unorm
            | Self::Etc2Rgb8UnormSrgb
            | Self::Etc2Rgb8A1Unorm
            | Self::Etc2Rgb8A1UnormSrgb
            | Self::Etc2Rgba8Unorm
            | Self::Etc2Rgba8UnormSrgb
            | Self::EacR11Unorm
            | Self::EacR11Snorm
            | Self::EacRg11Unorm
            | Self::EacRg11Snorm
            | Self::Astc { .. } => None,
        }
    }

    /// Returns the number of components this format has.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn components(&self) -> u8 {
        self.components_with_aspect(TextureAspect::All)
    }

    /// Returns the number of components this format has taking into account the `aspect`.
    ///
    /// The `aspect` is only relevant for combined depth-stencil formats and multi-planar formats.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn components_with_aspect(&self, aspect: TextureAspect) -> u8 {
        match *self {
            Self::R8Unorm
            | Self::R8Snorm
            | Self::R8Uint
            | Self::R8Sint
            | Self::R16Unorm
            | Self::R16Snorm
            | Self::R16Uint
            | Self::R16Sint
            | Self::R16Float
            | Self::R32Uint
            | Self::R32Sint
            | Self::R32Float => 1,

            Self::Rg8Unorm
            | Self::Rg8Snorm
            | Self::Rg8Uint
            | Self::Rg8Sint
            | Self::Rg16Unorm
            | Self::Rg16Snorm
            | Self::Rg16Uint
            | Self::Rg16Sint
            | Self::Rg16Float
            | Self::Rg32Uint
            | Self::Rg32Sint
            | Self::Rg32Float => 2,

            Self::Rgba8Unorm
            | Self::Rgba8UnormSrgb
            | Self::Rgba8Snorm
            | Self::Rgba8Uint
            | Self::Rgba8Sint
            | Self::Bgra8Unorm
            | Self::Bgra8UnormSrgb
            | Self::Rgba16Unorm
            | Self::Rgba16Snorm
            | Self::Rgba16Uint
            | Self::Rgba16Sint
            | Self::Rgba16Float
            | Self::Rgba32Uint
            | Self::Rgba32Sint
            | Self::Rgba32Float => 4,

            Self::Rgb9e5Ufloat | Self::Rg11b10Ufloat => 3,
            Self::Rgb10a2Uint | Self::Rgb10a2Unorm => 4,

            Self::Stencil8 | Self::Depth16Unorm | Self::Depth24Plus | Self::Depth32Float => 1,

            Self::Depth24PlusStencil8 | Self::Depth32FloatStencil8 => match aspect {
                TextureAspect::DepthOnly | TextureAspect::StencilOnly => 1,
                _ => 2,
            },

            Self::NV12 => match aspect {
                TextureAspect::Plane0 => 1,
                TextureAspect::Plane1 => 2,
                _ => 3,
            },

            Self::Bc4RUnorm | Self::Bc4RSnorm => 1,
            Self::Bc5RgUnorm | Self::Bc5RgSnorm => 2,
            Self::Bc6hRgbUfloat | Self::Bc6hRgbFloat => 3,
            Self::Bc1RgbaUnorm
            | Self::Bc1RgbaUnormSrgb
            | Self::Bc2RgbaUnorm
            | Self::Bc2RgbaUnormSrgb
            | Self::Bc3RgbaUnorm
            | Self::Bc3RgbaUnormSrgb
            | Self::Bc7RgbaUnorm
            | Self::Bc7RgbaUnormSrgb => 4,

            Self::EacR11Unorm | Self::EacR11Snorm => 1,
            Self::EacRg11Unorm | Self::EacRg11Snorm => 2,
            Self::Etc2Rgb8Unorm | Self::Etc2Rgb8UnormSrgb => 3,
            Self::Etc2Rgb8A1Unorm
            | Self::Etc2Rgb8A1UnormSrgb
            | Self::Etc2Rgba8Unorm
            | Self::Etc2Rgba8UnormSrgb => 4,

            Self::Astc { .. } => 4,
        }
    }

    /// Strips the `Srgb` suffix from the given texture format.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn remove_srgb_suffix(&self) -> TextureFormat {
        match *self {
            Self::Rgba8UnormSrgb => Self::Rgba8Unorm,
            Self::Bgra8UnormSrgb => Self::Bgra8Unorm,
            Self::Bc1RgbaUnormSrgb => Self::Bc1RgbaUnorm,
            Self::Bc2RgbaUnormSrgb => Self::Bc2RgbaUnorm,
            Self::Bc3RgbaUnormSrgb => Self::Bc3RgbaUnorm,
            Self::Bc7RgbaUnormSrgb => Self::Bc7RgbaUnorm,
            Self::Etc2Rgb8UnormSrgb => Self::Etc2Rgb8Unorm,
            Self::Etc2Rgb8A1UnormSrgb => Self::Etc2Rgb8A1Unorm,
            Self::Etc2Rgba8UnormSrgb => Self::Etc2Rgba8Unorm,
            Self::Astc {
                block,
                channel: AstcChannel::UnormSrgb,
            } => Self::Astc {
                block,
                channel: AstcChannel::Unorm,
            },
            _ => *self,
        }
    }

    /// Adds an `Srgb` suffix to the given texture format, if the format supports it.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn add_srgb_suffix(&self) -> TextureFormat {
        match *self {
            Self::Rgba8Unorm => Self::Rgba8UnormSrgb,
            Self::Bgra8Unorm => Self::Bgra8UnormSrgb,
            Self::Bc1RgbaUnorm => Self::Bc1RgbaUnormSrgb,
            Self::Bc2RgbaUnorm => Self::Bc2RgbaUnormSrgb,
            Self::Bc3RgbaUnorm => Self::Bc3RgbaUnormSrgb,
            Self::Bc7RgbaUnorm => Self::Bc7RgbaUnormSrgb,
            Self::Etc2Rgb8Unorm => Self::Etc2Rgb8UnormSrgb,
            Self::Etc2Rgb8A1Unorm => Self::Etc2Rgb8A1UnormSrgb,
            Self::Etc2Rgba8Unorm => Self::Etc2Rgba8UnormSrgb,
            Self::Astc {
                block,
                channel: AstcChannel::Unorm,
            } => Self::Astc {
                block,
                channel: AstcChannel::UnormSrgb,
            },
            _ => *self,
        }
    }

    /// Returns `true` for srgb formats.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_srgb(&self) -> bool {
        *self != self.remove_srgb_suffix()
    }
}

#[test]
fn texture_format_serialize() {
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::R8Unorm).unwrap(),
        "\"r8unorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::R8Snorm).unwrap(),
        "\"r8snorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::R8Uint).unwrap(),
        "\"r8uint\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::R8Sint).unwrap(),
        "\"r8sint\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::R16Uint).unwrap(),
        "\"r16uint\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::R16Sint).unwrap(),
        "\"r16sint\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::R16Unorm).unwrap(),
        "\"r16unorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::R16Snorm).unwrap(),
        "\"r16snorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::R16Float).unwrap(),
        "\"r16float\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rg8Unorm).unwrap(),
        "\"rg8unorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rg8Snorm).unwrap(),
        "\"rg8snorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rg8Uint).unwrap(),
        "\"rg8uint\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rg8Sint).unwrap(),
        "\"rg8sint\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::R32Uint).unwrap(),
        "\"r32uint\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::R32Sint).unwrap(),
        "\"r32sint\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::R32Float).unwrap(),
        "\"r32float\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rg16Uint).unwrap(),
        "\"rg16uint\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rg16Sint).unwrap(),
        "\"rg16sint\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rg16Unorm).unwrap(),
        "\"rg16unorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rg16Snorm).unwrap(),
        "\"rg16snorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rg16Float).unwrap(),
        "\"rg16float\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rgba8Unorm).unwrap(),
        "\"rgba8unorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rgba8UnormSrgb).unwrap(),
        "\"rgba8unorm-srgb\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rgba8Snorm).unwrap(),
        "\"rgba8snorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rgba8Uint).unwrap(),
        "\"rgba8uint\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rgba8Sint).unwrap(),
        "\"rgba8sint\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Bgra8Unorm).unwrap(),
        "\"bgra8unorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Bgra8UnormSrgb).unwrap(),
        "\"bgra8unorm-srgb\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rgb10a2Uint).unwrap(),
        "\"rgb10a2uint\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rgb10a2Unorm).unwrap(),
        "\"rgb10a2unorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rg11b10Ufloat).unwrap(),
        "\"rg11b10ufloat\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rg32Uint).unwrap(),
        "\"rg32uint\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rg32Sint).unwrap(),
        "\"rg32sint\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rg32Float).unwrap(),
        "\"rg32float\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rgba16Uint).unwrap(),
        "\"rgba16uint\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rgba16Sint).unwrap(),
        "\"rgba16sint\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rgba16Unorm).unwrap(),
        "\"rgba16unorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rgba16Snorm).unwrap(),
        "\"rgba16snorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rgba16Float).unwrap(),
        "\"rgba16float\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rgba32Uint).unwrap(),
        "\"rgba32uint\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rgba32Sint).unwrap(),
        "\"rgba32sint\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rgba32Float).unwrap(),
        "\"rgba32float\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Stencil8).unwrap(),
        "\"stencil8\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Depth32Float).unwrap(),
        "\"depth32float\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Depth16Unorm).unwrap(),
        "\"depth16unorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Depth32FloatStencil8).unwrap(),
        "\"depth32float-stencil8\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Depth24Plus).unwrap(),
        "\"depth24plus\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Depth24PlusStencil8).unwrap(),
        "\"depth24plus-stencil8\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Rgb9e5Ufloat).unwrap(),
        "\"rgb9e5ufloat\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Bc1RgbaUnorm).unwrap(),
        "\"bc1-rgba-unorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Bc1RgbaUnormSrgb).unwrap(),
        "\"bc1-rgba-unorm-srgb\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Bc2RgbaUnorm).unwrap(),
        "\"bc2-rgba-unorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Bc2RgbaUnormSrgb).unwrap(),
        "\"bc2-rgba-unorm-srgb\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Bc3RgbaUnorm).unwrap(),
        "\"bc3-rgba-unorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Bc3RgbaUnormSrgb).unwrap(),
        "\"bc3-rgba-unorm-srgb\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Bc4RUnorm).unwrap(),
        "\"bc4-r-unorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Bc4RSnorm).unwrap(),
        "\"bc4-r-snorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Bc5RgUnorm).unwrap(),
        "\"bc5-rg-unorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Bc5RgSnorm).unwrap(),
        "\"bc5-rg-snorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Bc6hRgbUfloat).unwrap(),
        "\"bc6h-rgb-ufloat\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Bc6hRgbFloat).unwrap(),
        "\"bc6h-rgb-float\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Bc7RgbaUnorm).unwrap(),
        "\"bc7-rgba-unorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Bc7RgbaUnormSrgb).unwrap(),
        "\"bc7-rgba-unorm-srgb\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Etc2Rgb8Unorm).unwrap(),
        "\"etc2-rgb8unorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Etc2Rgb8UnormSrgb).unwrap(),
        "\"etc2-rgb8unorm-srgb\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Etc2Rgb8A1Unorm).unwrap(),
        "\"etc2-rgb8a1unorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Etc2Rgb8A1UnormSrgb).unwrap(),
        "\"etc2-rgb8a1unorm-srgb\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Etc2Rgba8Unorm).unwrap(),
        "\"etc2-rgba8unorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::Etc2Rgba8UnormSrgb).unwrap(),
        "\"etc2-rgba8unorm-srgb\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::EacR11Unorm).unwrap(),
        "\"eac-r11unorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::EacR11Snorm).unwrap(),
        "\"eac-r11snorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::EacRg11Unorm).unwrap(),
        "\"eac-rg11unorm\"".to_string()
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::to_string(&TextureFormat::EacRg11Snorm).unwrap(),
        "\"eac-rg11snorm\"".to_string()
    );
}

#[test]
fn texture_format_deserialize() {
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"r8unorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::R8Unorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"r8snorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::R8Snorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"r8uint\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::R8Uint
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"r8sint\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::R8Sint
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"r16uint\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::R16Uint
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"r16sint\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::R16Sint
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"r16unorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::R16Unorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"r16snorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::R16Snorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"r16float\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::R16Float
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rg8unorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rg8Unorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rg8snorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rg8Snorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rg8uint\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rg8Uint
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rg8sint\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rg8Sint
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"r32uint\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::R32Uint
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"r32sint\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::R32Sint
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"r32float\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::R32Float
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rg16uint\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rg16Uint
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rg16sint\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rg16Sint
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rg16unorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rg16Unorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rg16snorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rg16Snorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rg16float\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rg16Float
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rgba8unorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rgba8Unorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rgba8unorm-srgb\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rgba8UnormSrgb
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rgba8snorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rgba8Snorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rgba8uint\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rgba8Uint
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rgba8sint\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rgba8Sint
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"bgra8unorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Bgra8Unorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"bgra8unorm-srgb\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Bgra8UnormSrgb
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rgb10a2uint\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rgb10a2Uint
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rgb10a2unorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rgb10a2Unorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rg11b10ufloat\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rg11b10Ufloat
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rg32uint\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rg32Uint
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rg32sint\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rg32Sint
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rg32float\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rg32Float
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rgba16uint\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rgba16Uint
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rgba16sint\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rgba16Sint
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rgba16unorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rgba16Unorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rgba16snorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rgba16Snorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rgba16float\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rgba16Float
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rgba32uint\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rgba32Uint
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rgba32sint\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rgba32Sint
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rgba32float\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rgba32Float
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"stencil8\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Stencil8
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"depth32float\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Depth32Float
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"depth16unorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Depth16Unorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"depth32float-stencil8\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Depth32FloatStencil8
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"depth24plus\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Depth24Plus
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"depth24plus-stencil8\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Depth24PlusStencil8
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"rgb9e5ufloat\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Rgb9e5Ufloat
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"bc1-rgba-unorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Bc1RgbaUnorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"bc1-rgba-unorm-srgb\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Bc1RgbaUnormSrgb
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"bc2-rgba-unorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Bc2RgbaUnorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"bc2-rgba-unorm-srgb\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Bc2RgbaUnormSrgb
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"bc3-rgba-unorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Bc3RgbaUnorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"bc3-rgba-unorm-srgb\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Bc3RgbaUnormSrgb
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"bc4-r-unorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Bc4RUnorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"bc4-r-snorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Bc4RSnorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"bc5-rg-unorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Bc5RgUnorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"bc5-rg-snorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Bc5RgSnorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"bc6h-rgb-ufloat\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Bc6hRgbUfloat
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"bc6h-rgb-float\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Bc6hRgbFloat
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"bc7-rgba-unorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Bc7RgbaUnorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"bc7-rgba-unorm-srgb\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Bc7RgbaUnormSrgb
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"etc2-rgb8unorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Etc2Rgb8Unorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"etc2-rgb8unorm-srgb\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Etc2Rgb8UnormSrgb
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"etc2-rgb8a1unorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Etc2Rgb8A1Unorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"etc2-rgb8a1unorm-srgb\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Etc2Rgb8A1UnormSrgb
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"etc2-rgba8unorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Etc2Rgba8Unorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"etc2-rgba8unorm-srgb\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::Etc2Rgba8UnormSrgb
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"eac-r11unorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::EacR11Unorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"eac-r11snorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::EacR11Snorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"eac-rg11unorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::EacRg11Unorm
    );
    assert_eq!(
        serde_json::from_str::<TextureFormat>("\"eac-rg11snorm\"").unwrap(),
        TextureFormat::EacRg11Snorm
    );
}

bitflags::bitflags! {
    /// Color write mask. Disabled color channels will not be written to.
    ///
    /// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUColorWriteFlags`](
    /// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#typedefdef-gpucolorwriteflags).
    #[repr(transparent)]
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(transparent))]
    #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
    pub struct ColorWrites: u32 {
        /// Enable red channel writes
        const RED = 1 << 0;
        /// Enable green channel writes
        const GREEN = 1 << 1;
        /// Enable blue channel writes
        const BLUE = 1 << 2;
        /// Enable alpha channel writes
        const ALPHA = 1 << 3;
        /// Enable red, green, and blue channel writes
        const COLOR = Self::RED.bits() | Self::GREEN.bits() | Self::BLUE.bits();
        /// Enable writes to all channels.
        const ALL = Self::RED.bits() | Self::GREEN.bits() | Self::BLUE.bits() | Self::ALPHA.bits();
    }
}

impl Default for ColorWrites {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::ALL
    }
}

/// Passed to `Device::poll` to control how and if it should block.
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub enum Maintain<T> {
    /// On wgpu-core based backends, block until the given submission has
    /// completed execution, and any callbacks have been invoked.
    ///
    /// On WebGPU, this has no effect. Callbacks are invoked from the
    /// window event loop.
    WaitForSubmissionIndex(T),
    /// Same as WaitForSubmissionIndex but waits for the most recent submission.
    Wait,
    /// Check the device for a single time without blocking.
    Poll,
}

impl<T> Maintain<T> {
    /// Construct a wait variant
    #[must_use]
    pub fn wait() -> Self {
        // This function seems a little silly, but it is useful to allow
        // <https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu/pull/5012> to be split up, as
        // it has meaning in that PR.
        Self::Wait
    }

    /// Construct a WaitForSubmissionIndex variant
    #[must_use]
    pub fn wait_for(submission_index: T) -> Self {
        // This function seems a little silly, but it is useful to allow
        // <https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu/pull/5012> to be split up, as
        // it has meaning in that PR.
        Self::WaitForSubmissionIndex(submission_index)
    }

    /// This maintain represents a wait of some kind.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_wait(&self) -> bool {
        match *self {
            Self::WaitForSubmissionIndex(..) | Self::Wait => true,
            Self::Poll => false,
        }
    }

    /// Map on the wait index type.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn map_index<U, F>(self, func: F) -> Maintain<U>
    where
        F: FnOnce(T) -> U,
    {
        match self {
            Self::WaitForSubmissionIndex(i) => Maintain::WaitForSubmissionIndex(func(i)),
            Self::Wait => Maintain::Wait,
            Self::Poll => Maintain::Poll,
        }
    }
}

/// Result of a maintain operation.
pub enum MaintainResult {
    /// There are no active submissions in flight as of the beginning of the poll call.
    /// Other submissions may have been queued on other threads at the same time.
    ///
    /// This implies that the given poll is complete.
    SubmissionQueueEmpty,
    /// More information coming soon <https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu/pull/5012>
    Ok,
}

impl MaintainResult {
    /// Returns true if the result is [`Self::SubmissionQueueEmpty`]`.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_queue_empty(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, Self::SubmissionQueueEmpty)
    }

    /// Panics if the MaintainResult is not Ok.
    pub fn panic_on_timeout(self) {
        let _ = self;
    }
}

/// State of the stencil operation (fixed-pipeline stage).
///
/// For use in [`DepthStencilState`].
///
/// Corresponds to a portion of [WebGPU `GPUDepthStencilState`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpudepthstencilstate).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub struct StencilState {
    /// Front face mode.
    pub front: StencilFaceState,
    /// Back face mode.
    pub back: StencilFaceState,
    /// Stencil values are AND'd with this mask when reading and writing from the stencil buffer. Only low 8 bits are used.
    pub read_mask: u32,
    /// Stencil values are AND'd with this mask when writing to the stencil buffer. Only low 8 bits are used.
    pub write_mask: u32,
}

impl StencilState {
    /// Returns true if the stencil test is enabled.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_enabled(&self) -> bool {
        (self.front != StencilFaceState::IGNORE || self.back != StencilFaceState::IGNORE)
            && (self.read_mask != 0 || self.write_mask != 0)
    }
    /// Returns true if the state doesn't mutate the target values.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_read_only(&self, cull_mode: Option<Face>) -> bool {
        // The rules are defined in step 7 of the "Device timeline initialization steps"
        // subsection of the "Render Pipeline Creation" section of WebGPU
        // (link to the section: https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#render-pipeline-creation)

        if self.write_mask == 0 {
            return true;
        }

        let front_ro = cull_mode == Some(Face::Front) || self.front.is_read_only();
        let back_ro = cull_mode == Some(Face::Back) || self.back.is_read_only();

        front_ro && back_ro
    }
    /// Returns true if the stencil state uses the reference value for testing.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn needs_ref_value(&self) -> bool {
        self.front.needs_ref_value() || self.back.needs_ref_value()
    }
}

/// Describes the biasing setting for the depth target.
///
/// For use in [`DepthStencilState`].
///
/// Corresponds to a portion of [WebGPU `GPUDepthStencilState`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpudepthstencilstate).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub struct DepthBiasState {
    /// Constant depth biasing factor, in basic units of the depth format.
    pub constant: i32,
    /// Slope depth biasing factor.
    pub slope_scale: f32,
    /// Depth bias clamp value (absolute).
    pub clamp: f32,
}

impl DepthBiasState {
    /// Returns true if the depth biasing is enabled.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_enabled(&self) -> bool {
        self.constant != 0 || self.slope_scale != 0.0
    }
}

impl Hash for DepthBiasState {
    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
        self.constant.hash(state);
        self.slope_scale.to_bits().hash(state);
        self.clamp.to_bits().hash(state);
    }
}

impl PartialEq for DepthBiasState {
    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
        (self.constant == other.constant)
            && (self.slope_scale.to_bits() == other.slope_scale.to_bits())
            && (self.clamp.to_bits() == other.clamp.to_bits())
    }
}

impl Eq for DepthBiasState {}

/// Operation to perform to the output attachment at the start of a render pass.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPULoadOp`](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gpuloadop),
/// plus the corresponding clearValue.
#[repr(u8)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "kebab-case"))]
pub enum LoadOp<V> {
    /// Loads the specified value for this attachment into the render pass.
    ///
    /// On some GPU hardware (primarily mobile), "clear" is significantly cheaper
    /// because it avoids loading data from main memory into tile-local memory.
    ///
    /// On other GPU hardware, there isn’t a significant difference.
    ///
    /// As a result, it is recommended to use "clear" rather than "load" in cases
    /// where the initial value doesn’t matter
    /// (e.g. the render target will be cleared using a skybox).
    Clear(V) = 0,
    /// Loads the existing value for this attachment into the render pass.
    Load = 1,
}

impl<V> LoadOp<V> {
    /// Returns true if variants are same (ignoring clear value)
    pub fn eq_variant<T>(&self, other: LoadOp<T>) -> bool {
        matches!(
            (self, other),
            (LoadOp::Clear(_), LoadOp::Clear(_)) | (LoadOp::Load, LoadOp::Load)
        )
    }
}

impl<V: Default> Default for LoadOp<V> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::Clear(Default::default())
    }
}

/// Operation to perform to the output attachment at the end of a render pass.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUStoreOp`](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gpustoreop).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Default)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "kebab-case"))]
pub enum StoreOp {
    /// Stores the resulting value of the render pass for this attachment.
    #[default]
    Store = 0,
    /// Discards the resulting value of the render pass for this attachment.
    ///
    /// The attachment will be treated as uninitialized afterwards.
    /// (If only either Depth or Stencil texture-aspects is set to `Discard`,
    /// the respective other texture-aspect will be preserved.)
    ///
    /// This can be significantly faster on tile-based render hardware.
    ///
    /// Prefer this if the attachment is not read by subsequent passes.
    Discard = 1,
}

/// Pair of load and store operations for an attachment aspect.
///
/// This type is unique to the Rust API of `wgpu`. In the WebGPU specification,
/// separate `loadOp` and `storeOp` fields are used instead.
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub struct Operations<V> {
    /// How data should be read through this attachment.
    pub load: LoadOp<V>,
    /// Whether data will be written to through this attachment.
    ///
    /// Note that resolve textures (if specified) are always written to,
    /// regardless of this setting.
    pub store: StoreOp,
}

impl<V: Default> Default for Operations<V> {
    #[inline]
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            load: LoadOp::<V>::default(),
            store: StoreOp::default(),
        }
    }
}

/// Describes the depth/stencil state in a render pipeline.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUDepthStencilState`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpudepthstencilstate).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub struct DepthStencilState {
    /// Format of the depth/stencil buffer, must be special depth format. Must match the format
    /// of the depth/stencil attachment in [`CommandEncoder::begin_render_pass`][CEbrp].
    ///
    /// [CEbrp]: ../wgpu/struct.CommandEncoder.html#method.begin_render_pass
    pub format: TextureFormat,
    /// If disabled, depth will not be written to.
    pub depth_write_enabled: bool,
    /// Comparison function used to compare depth values in the depth test.
    pub depth_compare: CompareFunction,
    /// Stencil state.
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(default))]
    pub stencil: StencilState,
    /// Depth bias state.
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(default))]
    pub bias: DepthBiasState,
}

impl DepthStencilState {
    /// Returns true if the depth testing is enabled.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_depth_enabled(&self) -> bool {
        self.depth_compare != CompareFunction::Always || self.depth_write_enabled
    }

    /// Returns true if the state doesn't mutate the depth buffer.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_depth_read_only(&self) -> bool {
        !self.depth_write_enabled
    }

    /// Returns true if the state doesn't mutate the stencil.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_stencil_read_only(&self, cull_mode: Option<Face>) -> bool {
        self.stencil.is_read_only(cull_mode)
    }

    /// Returns true if the state doesn't mutate either depth or stencil of the target.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_read_only(&self, cull_mode: Option<Face>) -> bool {
        self.is_depth_read_only() && self.is_stencil_read_only(cull_mode)
    }
}

/// Format of indices used with pipeline.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUIndexFormat`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gpuindexformat).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Default, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "kebab-case"))]
pub enum IndexFormat {
    /// Indices are 16 bit unsigned integers.
    Uint16 = 0,
    /// Indices are 32 bit unsigned integers.
    #[default]
    Uint32 = 1,
}

/// Operation to perform on the stencil value.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUStencilOperation`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gpustenciloperation).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Default, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "kebab-case"))]
pub enum StencilOperation {
    /// Keep stencil value unchanged.
    #[default]
    Keep = 0,
    /// Set stencil value to zero.
    Zero = 1,
    /// Replace stencil value with value provided in most recent call to
    /// [`RenderPass::set_stencil_reference`][RPssr].
    ///
    /// [RPssr]: ../wgpu/struct.RenderPass.html#method.set_stencil_reference
    Replace = 2,
    /// Bitwise inverts stencil value.
    Invert = 3,
    /// Increments stencil value by one, clamping on overflow.
    IncrementClamp = 4,
    /// Decrements stencil value by one, clamping on underflow.
    DecrementClamp = 5,
    /// Increments stencil value by one, wrapping on overflow.
    IncrementWrap = 6,
    /// Decrements stencil value by one, wrapping on underflow.
    DecrementWrap = 7,
}

/// Describes stencil state in a render pipeline.
///
/// If you are not using stencil state, set this to [`StencilFaceState::IGNORE`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUStencilFaceState`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpustencilfacestate).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "camelCase"))]
pub struct StencilFaceState {
    /// Comparison function that determines if the fail_op or pass_op is used on the stencil buffer.
    pub compare: CompareFunction,
    /// Operation that is performed when stencil test fails.
    pub fail_op: StencilOperation,
    /// Operation that is performed when depth test fails but stencil test succeeds.
    pub depth_fail_op: StencilOperation,
    /// Operation that is performed when stencil test success.
    pub pass_op: StencilOperation,
}

impl StencilFaceState {
    /// Ignore the stencil state for the face.
    pub const IGNORE: Self = StencilFaceState {
        compare: CompareFunction::Always,
        fail_op: StencilOperation::Keep,
        depth_fail_op: StencilOperation::Keep,
        pass_op: StencilOperation::Keep,
    };

    /// Returns true if the face state uses the reference value for testing or operation.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn needs_ref_value(&self) -> bool {
        self.compare.needs_ref_value()
            || self.fail_op == StencilOperation::Replace
            || self.depth_fail_op == StencilOperation::Replace
            || self.pass_op == StencilOperation::Replace
    }

    /// Returns true if the face state doesn't mutate the target values.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_read_only(&self) -> bool {
        self.pass_op == StencilOperation::Keep
            && self.depth_fail_op == StencilOperation::Keep
            && self.fail_op == StencilOperation::Keep
    }
}

impl Default for StencilFaceState {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::IGNORE
    }
}

/// Comparison function used for depth and stencil operations.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUCompareFunction`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gpucomparefunction).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "kebab-case"))]
pub enum CompareFunction {
    /// Function never passes
    Never = 1,
    /// Function passes if new value less than existing value
    Less = 2,
    /// Function passes if new value is equal to existing value. When using
    /// this compare function, make sure to mark your Vertex Shader's `@builtin(position)`
    /// output as `@invariant` to prevent artifacting.
    Equal = 3,
    /// Function passes if new value is less than or equal to existing value
    LessEqual = 4,
    /// Function passes if new value is greater than existing value
    Greater = 5,
    /// Function passes if new value is not equal to existing value. When using
    /// this compare function, make sure to mark your Vertex Shader's `@builtin(position)`
    /// output as `@invariant` to prevent artifacting.
    NotEqual = 6,
    /// Function passes if new value is greater than or equal to existing value
    GreaterEqual = 7,
    /// Function always passes
    Always = 8,
}

impl CompareFunction {
    /// Returns true if the comparison depends on the reference value.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn needs_ref_value(self) -> bool {
        match self {
            Self::Never | Self::Always => false,
            _ => true,
        }
    }
}

/// Whether a vertex buffer is indexed by vertex or by instance.
///
/// Consider a call to [`RenderPass::draw`] like this:
///
/// ```ignore
/// render_pass.draw(vertices, instances)
/// ```
///
/// where `vertices` is a `Range<u32>` of vertex indices, and
/// `instances` is a `Range<u32>` of instance indices.
///
/// For this call, `wgpu` invokes the vertex shader entry point once
/// for every possible `(v, i)` pair, where `v` is drawn from
/// `vertices` and `i` is drawn from `instances`. These invocations
/// may happen in any order, and will usually run in parallel.
///
/// Each vertex buffer has a step mode, established by the
/// [`step_mode`] field of its [`VertexBufferLayout`], given when the
/// pipeline was created. Buffers whose step mode is [`Vertex`] use
/// `v` as the index into their contents, whereas buffers whose step
/// mode is [`Instance`] use `i`. The indicated buffer element then
/// contributes zero or more attribute values for the `(v, i)` vertex
/// shader invocation to use, based on the [`VertexBufferLayout`]'s
/// [`attributes`] list.
///
/// You can visualize the results from all these vertex shader
/// invocations as a matrix with a row for each `i` from `instances`,
/// and with a column for each `v` from `vertices`. In one sense, `v`
/// and `i` are symmetrical: both are used to index vertex buffers and
/// provide attribute values.  But the key difference between `v` and
/// `i` is that line and triangle primitives are built from the values
/// of each row, along which `i` is constant and `v` varies, not the
/// columns.
///
/// An indexed draw call works similarly:
///
/// ```ignore
/// render_pass.draw_indexed(indices, base_vertex, instances)
/// ```
///
/// The only difference is that `v` values are drawn from the contents
/// of the index buffer&mdash;specifically, the subrange of the index
/// buffer given by `indices`&mdash;instead of simply being sequential
/// integers, as they are in a `draw` call.
///
/// A non-instanced call, where `instances` is `0..1`, is simply a
/// matrix with only one row.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUVertexStepMode`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gpuvertexstepmode).
///
/// [`RenderPass::draw`]: ../wgpu/struct.RenderPass.html#method.draw
/// [`VertexBufferLayout`]: ../wgpu/struct.VertexBufferLayout.html
/// [`step_mode`]: ../wgpu/struct.VertexBufferLayout.html#structfield.step_mode
/// [`attributes`]: ../wgpu/struct.VertexBufferLayout.html#structfield.attributes
/// [`Vertex`]: VertexStepMode::Vertex
/// [`Instance`]: VertexStepMode::Instance
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Default, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "kebab-case"))]
pub enum VertexStepMode {
    /// Vertex data is advanced every vertex.
    #[default]
    Vertex = 0,
    /// Vertex data is advanced every instance.
    Instance = 1,
}

/// Vertex inputs (attributes) to shaders.
///
/// Arrays of these can be made with the [`vertex_attr_array`]
/// macro. Vertex attributes are assumed to be tightly packed.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUVertexAttribute`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpuvertexattribute).
///
/// [`vertex_attr_array`]: ../wgpu/macro.vertex_attr_array.html
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "camelCase"))]
pub struct VertexAttribute {
    /// Format of the input
    pub format: VertexFormat,
    /// Byte offset of the start of the input
    pub offset: BufferAddress,
    /// Location for this input. Must match the location in the shader.
    pub shader_location: ShaderLocation,
}

/// Vertex Format for a [`VertexAttribute`] (input).
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUVertexFormat`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gpuvertexformat).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "lowercase"))]
pub enum VertexFormat {
    /// One unsigned byte (u8). `u32` in shaders.
    Uint8 = 0,
    /// Two unsigned bytes (u8). `vec2<u32>` in shaders.
    Uint8x2 = 1,
    /// Four unsigned bytes (u8). `vec4<u32>` in shaders.
    Uint8x4 = 2,
    /// One signed byte (i8). `i32` in shaders.
    Sint8 = 3,
    /// Two signed bytes (i8). `vec2<i32>` in shaders.
    Sint8x2 = 4,
    /// Four signed bytes (i8). `vec4<i32>` in shaders.
    Sint8x4 = 5,
    /// One unsigned byte (u8). [0, 255] converted to float [0, 1] `f32` in shaders.
    Unorm8 = 6,
    /// Two unsigned bytes (u8). [0, 255] converted to float [0, 1] `vec2<f32>` in shaders.
    Unorm8x2 = 7,
    /// Four unsigned bytes (u8). [0, 255] converted to float [0, 1] `vec4<f32>` in shaders.
    Unorm8x4 = 8,
    /// One signed byte (i8). [-127, 127] converted to float [-1, 1] `f32` in shaders.
    Snorm8 = 9,
    /// Two signed bytes (i8). [-127, 127] converted to float [-1, 1] `vec2<f32>` in shaders.
    Snorm8x2 = 10,
    /// Four signed bytes (i8). [-127, 127] converted to float [-1, 1] `vec4<f32>` in shaders.
    Snorm8x4 = 11,
    /// One unsigned short (u16). `u32` in shaders.
    Uint16 = 12,
    /// Two unsigned shorts (u16). `vec2<u32>` in shaders.
    Uint16x2 = 13,
    /// Four unsigned shorts (u16). `vec4<u32>` in shaders.
    Uint16x4 = 14,
    /// One signed short (u16). `i32` in shaders.
    Sint16 = 15,
    /// Two signed shorts (i16). `vec2<i32>` in shaders.
    Sint16x2 = 16,
    /// Four signed shorts (i16). `vec4<i32>` in shaders.
    Sint16x4 = 17,
    /// One unsigned short (u16). [0, 65535] converted to float [0, 1] `f32` in shaders.
    Unorm16 = 18,
    /// Two unsigned shorts (u16). [0, 65535] converted to float [0, 1] `vec2<f32>` in shaders.
    Unorm16x2 = 19,
    /// Four unsigned shorts (u16). [0, 65535] converted to float [0, 1] `vec4<f32>` in shaders.
    Unorm16x4 = 20,
    /// One signed short (i16). [-32767, 32767] converted to float [-1, 1] `f32` in shaders.
    Snorm16 = 21,
    /// Two signed shorts (i16). [-32767, 32767] converted to float [-1, 1] `vec2<f32>` in shaders.
    Snorm16x2 = 22,
    /// Four signed shorts (i16). [-32767, 32767] converted to float [-1, 1] `vec4<f32>` in shaders.
    Snorm16x4 = 23,
    /// One half-precision float (no Rust equiv). `f32` in shaders.
    Float16 = 24,
    /// Two half-precision floats (no Rust equiv). `vec2<f32>` in shaders.
    Float16x2 = 25,
    /// Four half-precision floats (no Rust equiv). `vec4<f32>` in shaders.
    Float16x4 = 26,
    /// One single-precision float (f32). `f32` in shaders.
    Float32 = 27,
    /// Two single-precision floats (f32). `vec2<f32>` in shaders.
    Float32x2 = 28,
    /// Three single-precision floats (f32). `vec3<f32>` in shaders.
    Float32x3 = 29,
    /// Four single-precision floats (f32). `vec4<f32>` in shaders.
    Float32x4 = 30,
    /// One unsigned int (u32). `u32` in shaders.
    Uint32 = 31,
    /// Two unsigned ints (u32). `vec2<u32>` in shaders.
    Uint32x2 = 32,
    /// Three unsigned ints (u32). `vec3<u32>` in shaders.
    Uint32x3 = 33,
    /// Four unsigned ints (u32). `vec4<u32>` in shaders.
    Uint32x4 = 34,
    /// One signed int (i32). `i32` in shaders.
    Sint32 = 35,
    /// Two signed ints (i32). `vec2<i32>` in shaders.
    Sint32x2 = 36,
    /// Three signed ints (i32). `vec3<i32>` in shaders.
    Sint32x3 = 37,
    /// Four signed ints (i32). `vec4<i32>` in shaders.
    Sint32x4 = 38,
    /// One double-precision float (f64). `f32` in shaders. Requires [`Features::VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_64BIT`].
    Float64 = 39,
    /// Two double-precision floats (f64). `vec2<f32>` in shaders. Requires [`Features::VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_64BIT`].
    Float64x2 = 40,
    /// Three double-precision floats (f64). `vec3<f32>` in shaders. Requires [`Features::VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_64BIT`].
    Float64x3 = 41,
    /// Four double-precision floats (f64). `vec4<f32>` in shaders. Requires [`Features::VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_64BIT`].
    Float64x4 = 42,
    /// Three unsigned 10-bit integers and one 2-bit integer, packed into a 32-bit integer (u32). [0, 1024] converted to float [0, 1] `vec4<f32>` in shaders.
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename = "unorm10-10-10-2"))]
    Unorm10_10_10_2 = 43,
    /// Four unsigned 8-bit integers, packed into a 32-bit integer (u32). [0, 255] converted to float [0, 1] `vec4<f32>` in shaders.
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename = "unorm8x4-bgra"))]
    Unorm8x4Bgra = 44,
}

impl VertexFormat {
    /// Returns the byte size of the format.
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn size(&self) -> u64 {
        match self {
            Self::Uint8 | Self::Sint8 | Self::Unorm8 | Self::Snorm8 => 1,
            Self::Uint8x2
            | Self::Sint8x2
            | Self::Unorm8x2
            | Self::Snorm8x2
            | Self::Uint16
            | Self::Sint16
            | Self::Unorm16
            | Self::Snorm16
            | Self::Float16 => 2,
            Self::Uint8x4
            | Self::Sint8x4
            | Self::Unorm8x4
            | Self::Snorm8x4
            | Self::Uint16x2
            | Self::Sint16x2
            | Self::Unorm16x2
            | Self::Snorm16x2
            | Self::Float16x2
            | Self::Float32
            | Self::Uint32
            | Self::Sint32
            | Self::Unorm10_10_10_2
            | Self::Unorm8x4Bgra => 4,
            Self::Uint16x4
            | Self::Sint16x4
            | Self::Unorm16x4
            | Self::Snorm16x4
            | Self::Float16x4
            | Self::Float32x2
            | Self::Uint32x2
            | Self::Sint32x2
            | Self::Float64 => 8,
            Self::Float32x3 | Self::Uint32x3 | Self::Sint32x3 => 12,
            Self::Float32x4 | Self::Uint32x4 | Self::Sint32x4 | Self::Float64x2 => 16,
            Self::Float64x3 => 24,
            Self::Float64x4 => 32,
        }
    }
}

bitflags::bitflags! {
    /// Different ways that you can use a buffer.
    ///
    /// The usages determine what kind of memory the buffer is allocated from and what
    /// actions the buffer can partake in.
    ///
    /// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUBufferUsageFlags`](
    /// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#typedefdef-gpubufferusageflags).
    #[repr(transparent)]
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(transparent))]
    #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
    pub struct BufferUsages: u32 {
        /// Allow a buffer to be mapped for reading using [`Buffer::map_async`] + [`Buffer::get_mapped_range`].
        /// This does not include creating a buffer with [`BufferDescriptor::mapped_at_creation`] set.
        ///
        /// If [`Features::MAPPABLE_PRIMARY_BUFFERS`] isn't enabled, the only other usage a buffer
        /// may have is COPY_DST.
        const MAP_READ = 1 << 0;
        /// Allow a buffer to be mapped for writing using [`Buffer::map_async`] + [`Buffer::get_mapped_range_mut`].
        /// This does not include creating a buffer with `mapped_at_creation` set.
        ///
        /// If [`Features::MAPPABLE_PRIMARY_BUFFERS`] feature isn't enabled, the only other usage a buffer
        /// may have is COPY_SRC.
        const MAP_WRITE = 1 << 1;
        /// Allow a buffer to be the source buffer for a [`CommandEncoder::copy_buffer_to_buffer`] or [`CommandEncoder::copy_buffer_to_texture`]
        /// operation.
        const COPY_SRC = 1 << 2;
        /// Allow a buffer to be the destination buffer for a [`CommandEncoder::copy_buffer_to_buffer`], [`CommandEncoder::copy_texture_to_buffer`],
        /// [`CommandEncoder::clear_buffer`] or [`Queue::write_buffer`] operation.
        const COPY_DST = 1 << 3;
        /// Allow a buffer to be the index buffer in a draw operation.
        const INDEX = 1 << 4;
        /// Allow a buffer to be the vertex buffer in a draw operation.
        const VERTEX = 1 << 5;
        /// Allow a buffer to be a [`BufferBindingType::Uniform`] inside a bind group.
        const UNIFORM = 1 << 6;
        /// Allow a buffer to be a [`BufferBindingType::Storage`] inside a bind group.
        const STORAGE = 1 << 7;
        /// Allow a buffer to be the indirect buffer in an indirect draw call.
        const INDIRECT = 1 << 8;
        /// Allow a buffer to be the destination buffer for a [`CommandEncoder::resolve_query_set`] operation.
        const QUERY_RESOLVE = 1 << 9;
        /// Allows a buffer to be used as input for a bottom level acceleration structure build
        const BLAS_INPUT = 1 << 10;
        /// Allows a buffer to be used as input for a top level acceleration structure build
        const TLAS_INPUT = 1 << 11;
    }
}

/// Describes a [`Buffer`](../wgpu/struct.Buffer.html).
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUBufferDescriptor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpubufferdescriptor).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub struct BufferDescriptor<L> {
    /// Debug label of a buffer. This will show up in graphics debuggers for easy identification.
    pub label: L,
    /// Size of a buffer, in bytes.
    pub size: BufferAddress,
    /// Usages of a buffer. If the buffer is used in any way that isn't specified here, the operation
    /// will panic.
    pub usage: BufferUsages,
    /// Allows a buffer to be mapped immediately after they are made. It does not have to be [`BufferUsages::MAP_READ`] or
    /// [`BufferUsages::MAP_WRITE`], all buffers are allowed to be mapped at creation.
    ///
    /// If this is `true`, [`size`](#structfield.size) must be a multiple of
    /// [`COPY_BUFFER_ALIGNMENT`].
    pub mapped_at_creation: bool,
}

impl<L> BufferDescriptor<L> {
    /// Takes a closure and maps the label of the buffer descriptor into another.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn map_label<K>(&self, fun: impl FnOnce(&L) -> K) -> BufferDescriptor<K> {
        BufferDescriptor {
            label: fun(&self.label),
            size: self.size,
            usage: self.usage,
            mapped_at_creation: self.mapped_at_creation,
        }
    }
}

/// Describes a [`CommandEncoder`](../wgpu/struct.CommandEncoder.html).
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUCommandEncoderDescriptor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpucommandencoderdescriptor).
#[repr(C)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct CommandEncoderDescriptor<L> {
    /// Debug label for the command encoder. This will show up in graphics debuggers for easy identification.
    pub label: L,
}

impl<L> CommandEncoderDescriptor<L> {
    /// Takes a closure and maps the label of the command encoder descriptor into another.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn map_label<K>(&self, fun: impl FnOnce(&L) -> K) -> CommandEncoderDescriptor<K> {
        CommandEncoderDescriptor {
            label: fun(&self.label),
        }
    }
}

impl<T> Default for CommandEncoderDescriptor<Option<T>> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self { label: None }
    }
}

/// Behavior of the presentation engine based on frame rate.
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub enum PresentMode {
    /// Chooses FifoRelaxed -> Fifo based on availability.
    ///
    /// Because of the fallback behavior, it is supported everywhere.
    AutoVsync = 0,
    /// Chooses Immediate -> Mailbox -> Fifo (on web) based on availability.
    ///
    /// Because of the fallback behavior, it is supported everywhere.
    AutoNoVsync = 1,
    /// Presentation frames are kept in a First-In-First-Out queue approximately 3 frames
    /// long. Every vertical blanking period, the presentation engine will pop a frame
    /// off the queue to display. If there is no frame to display, it will present the same
    /// frame again until the next vblank.
    ///
    /// When a present command is executed on the gpu, the presented image is added on the queue.
    ///
    /// No tearing will be observed.
    ///
    /// Calls to get_current_texture will block until there is a spot in the queue.
    ///
    /// Supported on all platforms.
    ///
    /// If you don't know what mode to choose, choose this mode. This is traditionally called "Vsync On".
    #[default]
    Fifo = 2,
    /// Presentation frames are kept in a First-In-First-Out queue approximately 3 frames
    /// long. Every vertical blanking period, the presentation engine will pop a frame
    /// off the queue to display. If there is no frame to display, it will present the
    /// same frame until there is a frame in the queue. The moment there is a frame in the
    /// queue, it will immediately pop the frame off the queue.
    ///
    /// When a present command is executed on the gpu, the presented image is added on the queue.
    ///
    /// Tearing will be observed if frames last more than one vblank as the front buffer.
    ///
    /// Calls to get_current_texture will block until there is a spot in the queue.
    ///
    /// Supported on AMD on Vulkan.
    ///
    /// This is traditionally called "Adaptive Vsync"
    FifoRelaxed = 3,
    /// Presentation frames are not queued at all. The moment a present command
    /// is executed on the GPU, the presented image is swapped onto the front buffer
    /// immediately.
    ///
    /// Tearing can be observed.
    ///
    /// Supported on most platforms except older DX12 and Wayland.
    ///
    /// This is traditionally called "Vsync Off".
    Immediate = 4,
    /// Presentation frames are kept in a single-frame queue. Every vertical blanking period,
    /// the presentation engine will pop a frame from the queue. If there is no frame to display,
    /// it will present the same frame again until the next vblank.
    ///
    /// When a present command is executed on the gpu, the frame will be put into the queue.
    /// If there was already a frame in the queue, the new frame will _replace_ the old frame
    /// on the queue.
    ///
    /// No tearing will be observed.
    ///
    /// Supported on DX12 on Windows 10, NVidia on Vulkan and Wayland on Vulkan.
    ///
    /// This is traditionally called "Fast Vsync"
    Mailbox = 5,
}

/// Specifies how the alpha channel of the textures should be handled during
/// compositing.
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "lowercase"))]
pub enum CompositeAlphaMode {
    /// Chooses either `Opaque` or `Inherit` automatically,depending on the
    /// `alpha_mode` that the current surface can support.
    Auto = 0,
    /// The alpha channel, if it exists, of the textures is ignored in the
    /// compositing process. Instead, the textures is treated as if it has a
    /// constant alpha of 1.0.
    Opaque = 1,
    /// The alpha channel, if it exists, of the textures is respected in the
    /// compositing process. The non-alpha channels of the textures are
    /// expected to already be multiplied by the alpha channel by the
    /// application.
    PreMultiplied = 2,
    /// The alpha channel, if it exists, of the textures is respected in the
    /// compositing process. The non-alpha channels of the textures are not
    /// expected to already be multiplied by the alpha channel by the
    /// application; instead, the compositor will multiply the non-alpha
    /// channels of the texture by the alpha channel during compositing.
    PostMultiplied = 3,
    /// The alpha channel, if it exists, of the textures is unknown for processing
    /// during compositing. Instead, the application is responsible for setting
    /// the composite alpha blending mode using native WSI command. If not set,
    /// then a platform-specific default will be used.
    Inherit = 4,
}

impl Default for CompositeAlphaMode {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::Auto
    }
}

bitflags::bitflags! {
    /// Different ways that you can use a texture.
    ///
    /// The usages determine what kind of memory the texture is allocated from and what
    /// actions the texture can partake in.
    ///
    /// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUTextureUsageFlags`](
    /// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#typedefdef-gputextureusageflags).
    #[repr(transparent)]
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(transparent))]
    #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
    pub struct TextureUsages: u32 {
        /// Allows a texture to be the source in a [`CommandEncoder::copy_texture_to_buffer`] or
        /// [`CommandEncoder::copy_texture_to_texture`] operation.
        const COPY_SRC = 1 << 0;
        /// Allows a texture to be the destination in a  [`CommandEncoder::copy_buffer_to_texture`],
        /// [`CommandEncoder::copy_texture_to_texture`], or [`Queue::write_texture`] operation.
        const COPY_DST = 1 << 1;
        /// Allows a texture to be a [`BindingType::Texture`] in a bind group.
        const TEXTURE_BINDING = 1 << 2;
        /// Allows a texture to be a [`BindingType::StorageTexture`] in a bind group.
        const STORAGE_BINDING = 1 << 3;
        /// Allows a texture to be an output attachment of a render pass.
        const RENDER_ATTACHMENT = 1 << 4;
    }
}

/// Defines the capabilities of a given surface and adapter.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct SurfaceCapabilities {
    /// List of supported formats to use with the given adapter. The first format in the vector is preferred.
    ///
    /// Returns an empty vector if the surface is incompatible with the adapter.
    pub formats: Vec<TextureFormat>,
    /// List of supported presentation modes to use with the given adapter.
    ///
    /// Returns an empty vector if the surface is incompatible with the adapter.
    pub present_modes: Vec<PresentMode>,
    /// List of supported alpha modes to use with the given adapter.
    ///
    /// Will return at least one element, CompositeAlphaMode::Opaque or CompositeAlphaMode::Inherit.
    pub alpha_modes: Vec<CompositeAlphaMode>,
    /// Bitflag of supported texture usages for the surface to use with the given adapter.
    ///
    /// The usage TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT is guaranteed.
    pub usages: TextureUsages,
}

impl Default for SurfaceCapabilities {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            formats: Vec::new(),
            present_modes: Vec::new(),
            alpha_modes: vec![CompositeAlphaMode::Opaque],
            usages: TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT,
        }
    }
}

/// Configures a [`Surface`] for presentation.
///
/// [`Surface`]: ../wgpu/struct.Surface.html
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub struct SurfaceConfiguration<V> {
    /// The usage of the swap chain. The only usage guaranteed to be supported is `RENDER_ATTACHMENT`.
    pub usage: TextureUsages,
    /// The texture format of the swap chain. The only formats that are guaranteed are
    /// `Bgra8Unorm` and `Bgra8UnormSrgb`
    pub format: TextureFormat,
    /// Width of the swap chain. Must be the same size as the surface, and nonzero.
    ///
    /// If this is not the same size as the underlying surface (e.g. if it is
    /// set once, and the window is later resized), the behaviour is defined
    /// but platform-specific, and may change in the future (currently macOS
    /// scales the surface, other platforms may do something else).
    pub width: u32,
    /// Height of the swap chain. Must be the same size as the surface, and nonzero.
    ///
    /// If this is not the same size as the underlying surface (e.g. if it is
    /// set once, and the window is later resized), the behaviour is defined
    /// but platform-specific, and may change in the future (currently macOS
    /// scales the surface, other platforms may do something else).
    pub height: u32,
    /// Presentation mode of the swap chain. Fifo is the only mode guaranteed to be supported.
    /// FifoRelaxed, Immediate, and Mailbox will crash if unsupported, while AutoVsync and
    /// AutoNoVsync will gracefully do a designed sets of fallbacks if their primary modes are
    /// unsupported.
    pub present_mode: PresentMode,
    /// Desired maximum number of frames that the presentation engine should queue in advance.
    ///
    /// This is a hint to the backend implementation and will always be clamped to the supported range.
    /// As a consequence, either the maximum frame latency is set directly on the swap chain,
    /// or waits on present are scheduled to avoid exceeding the maximum frame latency if supported,
    /// or the swap chain size is set to (max-latency + 1).
    ///
    /// Defaults to 2 when created via `wgpu::Surface::get_default_config`.
    ///
    /// Typical values range from 3 to 1, but higher values are possible:
    /// * Choose 2 or higher for potentially smoother frame display, as it allows to be at least one frame
    ///   to be queued up. This typically avoids starving the GPU's work queue.
    ///   Higher values are useful for achieving a constant flow of frames to the display under varying load.
    /// * Choose 1 for low latency from frame recording to frame display.
    ///   ⚠️ If the backend does not support waiting on present, this will cause the CPU to wait for the GPU
    ///   to finish all work related to the previous frame when calling `wgpu::Surface::get_current_texture`,
    ///   causing CPU-GPU serialization (i.e. when `wgpu::Surface::get_current_texture` returns, the GPU might be idle).
    ///   It is currently not possible to query this. See <https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu/issues/2869>.
    /// * A value of 0 is generally not supported and always clamped to a higher value.
    pub desired_maximum_frame_latency: u32,
    /// Specifies how the alpha channel of the textures should be handled during compositing.
    pub alpha_mode: CompositeAlphaMode,
    /// Specifies what view formats will be allowed when calling create_view() on texture returned by get_current_texture().
    ///
    /// View formats of the same format as the texture are always allowed.
    ///
    /// Note: currently, only the srgb-ness is allowed to change. (ex: Rgba8Unorm texture + Rgba8UnormSrgb view)
    pub view_formats: V,
}

impl<V: Clone> SurfaceConfiguration<V> {
    /// Map view_formats of the texture descriptor into another.
    pub fn map_view_formats<M>(&self, fun: impl FnOnce(V) -> M) -> SurfaceConfiguration<M> {
        SurfaceConfiguration {
            usage: self.usage,
            format: self.format,
            width: self.width,
            height: self.height,
            present_mode: self.present_mode,
            desired_maximum_frame_latency: self.desired_maximum_frame_latency,
            alpha_mode: self.alpha_mode,
            view_formats: fun(self.view_formats.clone()),
        }
    }
}

/// Status of the received surface image.
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum SurfaceStatus {
    /// No issues.
    Good,
    /// The swap chain is operational, but it does no longer perfectly
    /// match the surface. A re-configuration is needed.
    Suboptimal,
    /// Unable to get the next frame, timed out.
    Timeout,
    /// The surface under the swap chain has changed.
    Outdated,
    /// The surface under the swap chain is lost.
    Lost,
    /// The surface status is not known since `get_current_texture` previously failed.
    Unknown,
}

/// Nanosecond timestamp used by the presentation engine.
///
/// The specific clock depends on the window system integration (WSI) API used.
///
/// <table>
/// <tr>
///     <td>WSI</td>
///     <td>Clock</td>
/// </tr>
/// <tr>
///     <td>IDXGISwapchain</td>
///     <td><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/profileapi/nf-profileapi-queryperformancecounter">QueryPerformanceCounter</a></td>
/// </tr>
/// <tr>
///     <td>IPresentationManager</td>
///     <td><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/realtimeapiset/nf-realtimeapiset-queryinterrupttimeprecise">QueryInterruptTimePrecise</a></td>
/// </tr>
/// <tr>
///     <td>CAMetalLayer</td>
///     <td><a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/kernel/1462446-mach_absolute_time">mach_absolute_time</a></td>
/// </tr>
/// <tr>
///     <td>VK_GOOGLE_display_timing</td>
///     <td><a href="https://linux.die.net/man/3/clock_gettime">clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)</a></td>
/// </tr>
/// </table>
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
pub struct PresentationTimestamp(
    /// Timestamp in nanoseconds.
    pub u128,
);

impl PresentationTimestamp {
    /// A timestamp that is invalid due to the platform not having a timestamp system.
    pub const INVALID_TIMESTAMP: Self = Self(u128::MAX);

    /// Returns true if this timestamp is the invalid timestamp.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_invalid(self) -> bool {
        self == Self::INVALID_TIMESTAMP
    }
}

/// RGBA double precision color.
///
/// This is not to be used as a generic color type, only for specific wgpu interfaces.
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "camelCase"))]
pub struct Color {
    /// Red component of the color
    pub r: f64,
    /// Green component of the color
    pub g: f64,
    /// Blue component of the color
    pub b: f64,
    /// Alpha component of the color
    pub a: f64,
}

#[allow(missing_docs)]
impl Color {
    pub const TRANSPARENT: Self = Self {
        r: 0.0,
        g: 0.0,
        b: 0.0,
        a: 0.0,
    };
    pub const BLACK: Self = Self {
        r: 0.0,
        g: 0.0,
        b: 0.0,
        a: 1.0,
    };
    pub const WHITE: Self = Self {
        r: 1.0,
        g: 1.0,
        b: 1.0,
        a: 1.0,
    };
    pub const RED: Self = Self {
        r: 1.0,
        g: 0.0,
        b: 0.0,
        a: 1.0,
    };
    pub const GREEN: Self = Self {
        r: 0.0,
        g: 1.0,
        b: 0.0,
        a: 1.0,
    };
    pub const BLUE: Self = Self {
        r: 0.0,
        g: 0.0,
        b: 1.0,
        a: 1.0,
    };
}

/// Dimensionality of a texture.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUTextureDimension`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gputexturedimension).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub enum TextureDimension {
    /// 1D texture
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename = "1d"))]
    D1,
    /// 2D texture
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename = "2d"))]
    D2,
    /// 3D texture
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename = "3d"))]
    D3,
}

/// Origin of a copy from a 2D image.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUOrigin2D`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpuorigin2ddict).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "camelCase"))]
pub struct Origin2d {
    #[allow(missing_docs)]
    pub x: u32,
    #[allow(missing_docs)]
    pub y: u32,
}

impl Origin2d {
    /// Zero origin.
    pub const ZERO: Self = Self { x: 0, y: 0 };

    /// Adds the third dimension to this origin
    #[must_use]
    pub fn to_3d(self, z: u32) -> Origin3d {
        Origin3d {
            x: self.x,
            y: self.y,
            z,
        }
    }
}

impl std::fmt::Debug for Origin2d {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        (self.x, self.y).fmt(f)
    }
}

/// Origin of a copy to/from a texture.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUOrigin3D`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpuorigin3ddict).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "camelCase"))]
pub struct Origin3d {
    /// X position of the origin
    pub x: u32,
    /// Y position of the origin
    pub y: u32,
    /// Z position of the origin
    pub z: u32,
}

impl Origin3d {
    /// Zero origin.
    pub const ZERO: Self = Self { x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 };

    /// Removes the third dimension from this origin
    #[must_use]
    pub fn to_2d(self) -> Origin2d {
        Origin2d {
            x: self.x,
            y: self.y,
        }
    }
}

impl Default for Origin3d {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::ZERO
    }
}

impl std::fmt::Debug for Origin3d {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        (self.x, self.y, self.z).fmt(f)
    }
}

/// Extent of a texture related operation.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUExtent3D`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpuextent3ddict).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "camelCase"))]
pub struct Extent3d {
    /// Width of the extent
    pub width: u32,
    /// Height of the extent
    pub height: u32,
    /// The depth of the extent or the number of array layers
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(default = "default_depth"))]
    pub depth_or_array_layers: u32,
}

impl std::fmt::Debug for Extent3d {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        (self.width, self.height, self.depth_or_array_layers).fmt(f)
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
fn default_depth() -> u32 {
    1
}

impl Default for Extent3d {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            width: 1,
            height: 1,
            depth_or_array_layers: 1,
        }
    }
}

impl Extent3d {
    /// Calculates the [physical size] backing a texture of the given
    /// format and extent.  This includes padding to the block width
    /// and height of the format.
    ///
    /// This is the texture extent that you must upload at when uploading to _mipmaps_ of compressed textures.
    ///
    /// [physical size]: https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#physical-miplevel-specific-texture-extent
    #[must_use]
    pub fn physical_size(&self, format: TextureFormat) -> Self {
        let (block_width, block_height) = format.block_dimensions();

        let width = self.width.div_ceil(block_width) * block_width;
        let height = self.height.div_ceil(block_height) * block_height;

        Self {
            width,
            height,
            depth_or_array_layers: self.depth_or_array_layers,
        }
    }

    /// Calculates the maximum possible count of mipmaps.
    ///
    /// Treats the depth as part of the mipmaps. If calculating
    /// for a 2DArray texture, which does not mipmap depth, set depth to 1.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn max_mips(&self, dim: TextureDimension) -> u32 {
        match dim {
            TextureDimension::D1 => 1,
            TextureDimension::D2 => {
                let max_dim = self.width.max(self.height);
                32 - max_dim.leading_zeros()
            }
            TextureDimension::D3 => {
                let max_dim = self.width.max(self.height.max(self.depth_or_array_layers));
                32 - max_dim.leading_zeros()
            }
        }
    }

    /// Calculates the extent at a given mip level.
    /// Does *not* account for memory size being a multiple of block size.
    ///
    /// <https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#logical-miplevel-specific-texture-extent>
    #[must_use]
    pub fn mip_level_size(&self, level: u32, dim: TextureDimension) -> Self {
        Self {
            width: u32::max(1, self.width >> level),
            height: match dim {
                TextureDimension::D1 => 1,
                _ => u32::max(1, self.height >> level),
            },
            depth_or_array_layers: match dim {
                TextureDimension::D1 => 1,
                TextureDimension::D2 => self.depth_or_array_layers,
                TextureDimension::D3 => u32::max(1, self.depth_or_array_layers >> level),
            },
        }
    }
}

#[test]
fn test_physical_size() {
    let format = TextureFormat::Bc1RgbaUnormSrgb; // 4x4 blocks
    assert_eq!(
        Extent3d {
            width: 7,
            height: 7,
            depth_or_array_layers: 1
        }
        .physical_size(format),
        Extent3d {
            width: 8,
            height: 8,
            depth_or_array_layers: 1
        }
    );
    // Doesn't change, already aligned
    assert_eq!(
        Extent3d {
            width: 8,
            height: 8,
            depth_or_array_layers: 1
        }
        .physical_size(format),
        Extent3d {
            width: 8,
            height: 8,
            depth_or_array_layers: 1
        }
    );
    let format = TextureFormat::Astc {
        block: AstcBlock::B8x5,
        channel: AstcChannel::Unorm,
    }; // 8x5 blocks
    assert_eq!(
        Extent3d {
            width: 7,
            height: 7,
            depth_or_array_layers: 1
        }
        .physical_size(format),
        Extent3d {
            width: 8,
            height: 10,
            depth_or_array_layers: 1
        }
    );
}

#[test]
fn test_max_mips() {
    // 1D
    assert_eq!(
        Extent3d {
            width: 240,
            height: 1,
            depth_or_array_layers: 1
        }
        .max_mips(TextureDimension::D1),
        1
    );
    // 2D
    assert_eq!(
        Extent3d {
            width: 1,
            height: 1,
            depth_or_array_layers: 1
        }
        .max_mips(TextureDimension::D2),
        1
    );
    assert_eq!(
        Extent3d {
            width: 60,
            height: 60,
            depth_or_array_layers: 1
        }
        .max_mips(TextureDimension::D2),
        6
    );
    assert_eq!(
        Extent3d {
            width: 240,
            height: 1,
            depth_or_array_layers: 1000
        }
        .max_mips(TextureDimension::D2),
        8
    );
    // 3D
    assert_eq!(
        Extent3d {
            width: 16,
            height: 30,
            depth_or_array_layers: 60
        }
        .max_mips(TextureDimension::D3),
        6
    );
}

/// Describes a `TextureView`.
///
/// For use with `Texture::create_view`.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUTextureViewDescriptor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gputextureviewdescriptor).
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq)]
pub struct TextureViewDescriptor<L> {
    /// Debug label of the texture view. This will show up in graphics debuggers for easy identification.
    pub label: L,
    /// Format of the texture view. Either must be the same as the texture format or in the list
    /// of `view_formats` in the texture's descriptor.
    pub format: Option<TextureFormat>,
    /// The dimension of the texture view. For 1D textures, this must be `D1`. For 2D textures it must be one of
    /// `D2`, `D2Array`, `Cube`, and `CubeArray`. For 3D textures it must be `D3`
    pub dimension: Option<TextureViewDimension>,
    /// The allowed usage(s) for the texture view. Must be a subset of the usage flags of the texture.
    /// If not provided, defaults to the full set of usage flags of the texture.
    pub usage: Option<TextureUsages>,
    /// Aspect of the texture. Color textures must be [`TextureAspect::All`].
    pub aspect: TextureAspect,
    /// Base mip level.
    pub base_mip_level: u32,
    /// Mip level count.
    /// If `Some(count)`, `base_mip_level + count` must be less or equal to underlying texture mip count.
    /// If `None`, considered to include the rest of the mipmap levels, but at least 1 in total.
    pub mip_level_count: Option<u32>,
    /// Base array layer.
    pub base_array_layer: u32,
    /// Layer count.
    /// If `Some(count)`, `base_array_layer + count` must be less or equal to the underlying array count.
    /// If `None`, considered to include the rest of the array layers, but at least 1 in total.
    pub array_layer_count: Option<u32>,
}

/// Describes a [`Texture`](../wgpu/struct.Texture.html).
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUTextureDescriptor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gputexturedescriptor).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub struct TextureDescriptor<L, V> {
    /// Debug label of the texture. This will show up in graphics debuggers for easy identification.
    pub label: L,
    /// Size of the texture. All components must be greater than zero. For a
    /// regular 1D/2D texture, the unused sizes will be 1. For 2DArray textures,
    /// Z is the number of 2D textures in that array.
    pub size: Extent3d,
    /// Mip count of texture. For a texture with no extra mips, this must be 1.
    pub mip_level_count: u32,
    /// Sample count of texture. If this is not 1, texture must have [`BindingType::Texture::multisampled`] set to true.
    pub sample_count: u32,
    /// Dimensions of the texture.
    pub dimension: TextureDimension,
    /// Format of the texture.
    pub format: TextureFormat,
    /// Allowed usages of the texture. If used in other ways, the operation will panic.
    pub usage: TextureUsages,
    /// Specifies what view formats will be allowed when calling create_view() on this texture.
    ///
    /// View formats of the same format as the texture are always allowed.
    ///
    /// Note: currently, only the srgb-ness is allowed to change. (ex: Rgba8Unorm texture + Rgba8UnormSrgb view)
    pub view_formats: V,
}

impl<L, V> TextureDescriptor<L, V> {
    /// Takes a closure and maps the label of the texture descriptor into another.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn map_label<K>(&self, fun: impl FnOnce(&L) -> K) -> TextureDescriptor<K, V>
    where
        V: Clone,
    {
        TextureDescriptor {
            label: fun(&self.label),
            size: self.size,
            mip_level_count: self.mip_level_count,
            sample_count: self.sample_count,
            dimension: self.dimension,
            format: self.format,
            usage: self.usage,
            view_formats: self.view_formats.clone(),
        }
    }

    /// Maps the label and view_formats of the texture descriptor into another.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn map_label_and_view_formats<K, M>(
        &self,
        l_fun: impl FnOnce(&L) -> K,
        v_fun: impl FnOnce(V) -> M,
    ) -> TextureDescriptor<K, M>
    where
        V: Clone,
    {
        TextureDescriptor {
            label: l_fun(&self.label),
            size: self.size,
            mip_level_count: self.mip_level_count,
            sample_count: self.sample_count,
            dimension: self.dimension,
            format: self.format,
            usage: self.usage,
            view_formats: v_fun(self.view_formats.clone()),
        }
    }

    /// Calculates the extent at a given mip level.
    ///
    /// If the given mip level is larger than possible, returns None.
    ///
    /// Treats the depth as part of the mipmaps. If calculating
    /// for a 2DArray texture, which does not mipmap depth, set depth to 1.
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// # use wgpu_types as wgpu;
    /// # type TextureDescriptor<'a> = wgpu::TextureDescriptor<(), &'a [wgpu::TextureFormat]>;
    /// let desc  = TextureDescriptor {
    ///   label: (),
    ///   size: wgpu::Extent3d { width: 100, height: 60, depth_or_array_layers: 1 },
    ///   mip_level_count: 7,
    ///   sample_count: 1,
    ///   dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D3,
    ///   format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba8Sint,
    ///   usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::empty(),
    ///   view_formats: &[],
    /// };
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(desc.mip_level_size(0), Some(wgpu::Extent3d { width: 100, height: 60, depth_or_array_layers: 1 }));
    /// assert_eq!(desc.mip_level_size(1), Some(wgpu::Extent3d { width: 50, height: 30, depth_or_array_layers: 1 }));
    /// assert_eq!(desc.mip_level_size(2), Some(wgpu::Extent3d { width: 25, height: 15, depth_or_array_layers: 1 }));
    /// assert_eq!(desc.mip_level_size(3), Some(wgpu::Extent3d { width: 12, height: 7, depth_or_array_layers: 1 }));
    /// assert_eq!(desc.mip_level_size(4), Some(wgpu::Extent3d { width: 6, height: 3, depth_or_array_layers: 1 }));
    /// assert_eq!(desc.mip_level_size(5), Some(wgpu::Extent3d { width: 3, height: 1, depth_or_array_layers: 1 }));
    /// assert_eq!(desc.mip_level_size(6), Some(wgpu::Extent3d { width: 1, height: 1, depth_or_array_layers: 1 }));
    /// assert_eq!(desc.mip_level_size(7), None);
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub fn mip_level_size(&self, level: u32) -> Option<Extent3d> {
        if level >= self.mip_level_count {
            return None;
        }

        Some(self.size.mip_level_size(level, self.dimension))
    }

    /// Computes the render extent of this texture.
    ///
    /// <https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#abstract-opdef-compute-render-extent>
    #[must_use]
    pub fn compute_render_extent(&self, mip_level: u32) -> Extent3d {
        Extent3d {
            width: u32::max(1, self.size.width >> mip_level),
            height: u32::max(1, self.size.height >> mip_level),
            depth_or_array_layers: 1,
        }
    }

    /// Returns the number of array layers.
    ///
    /// <https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#abstract-opdef-array-layer-count>
    #[must_use]
    pub fn array_layer_count(&self) -> u32 {
        match self.dimension {
            TextureDimension::D1 | TextureDimension::D3 => 1,
            TextureDimension::D2 => self.size.depth_or_array_layers,
        }
    }
}

/// Describes a `Sampler`.
///
/// For use with `Device::create_sampler`.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUSamplerDescriptor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpusamplerdescriptor).
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub struct SamplerDescriptor<L> {
    /// Debug label of the sampler. This will show up in graphics debuggers for easy identification.
    pub label: L,
    /// How to deal with out of bounds accesses in the u (i.e. x) direction
    pub address_mode_u: AddressMode,
    /// How to deal with out of bounds accesses in the v (i.e. y) direction
    pub address_mode_v: AddressMode,
    /// How to deal with out of bounds accesses in the w (i.e. z) direction
    pub address_mode_w: AddressMode,
    /// How to filter the texture when it needs to be magnified (made larger)
    pub mag_filter: FilterMode,
    /// How to filter the texture when it needs to be minified (made smaller)
    pub min_filter: FilterMode,
    /// How to filter between mip map levels
    pub mipmap_filter: FilterMode,
    /// Minimum level of detail (i.e. mip level) to use
    pub lod_min_clamp: f32,
    /// Maximum level of detail (i.e. mip level) to use
    pub lod_max_clamp: f32,
    /// If this is enabled, this is a comparison sampler using the given comparison function.
    pub compare: Option<CompareFunction>,
    /// Must be at least 1. If this is not 1, all filter modes must be linear.
    pub anisotropy_clamp: u16,
    /// Border color to use when address_mode is [`AddressMode::ClampToBorder`]
    pub border_color: Option<SamplerBorderColor>,
}

impl<L: Default> Default for SamplerDescriptor<L> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            label: Default::default(),
            address_mode_u: Default::default(),
            address_mode_v: Default::default(),
            address_mode_w: Default::default(),
            mag_filter: Default::default(),
            min_filter: Default::default(),
            mipmap_filter: Default::default(),
            lod_min_clamp: 0.0,
            lod_max_clamp: 32.0,
            compare: None,
            anisotropy_clamp: 1,
            border_color: None,
        }
    }
}

/// Kind of data the texture holds.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUTextureAspect`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gputextureaspect).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Default, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "kebab-case"))]
pub enum TextureAspect {
    /// Depth, Stencil, and Color.
    #[default]
    All,
    /// Stencil.
    StencilOnly,
    /// Depth.
    DepthOnly,
    /// Plane 0.
    Plane0,
    /// Plane 1.
    Plane1,
    /// Plane 2.
    Plane2,
}

/// How edges should be handled in texture addressing.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUAddressMode`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gpuaddressmode).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Default, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "kebab-case"))]
pub enum AddressMode {
    /// Clamp the value to the edge of the texture
    ///
    /// -0.25 -> 0.0
    /// 1.25  -> 1.0
    #[default]
    ClampToEdge = 0,
    /// Repeat the texture in a tiling fashion
    ///
    /// -0.25 -> 0.75
    /// 1.25 -> 0.25
    Repeat = 1,
    /// Repeat the texture, mirroring it every repeat
    ///
    /// -0.25 -> 0.25
    /// 1.25 -> 0.75
    MirrorRepeat = 2,
    /// Clamp the value to the border of the texture
    /// Requires feature [`Features::ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_BORDER`]
    ///
    /// -0.25 -> border
    /// 1.25 -> border
    ClampToBorder = 3,
}

/// Texel mixing mode when sampling between texels.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUFilterMode`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gpufiltermode).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Default, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "kebab-case"))]
pub enum FilterMode {
    /// Nearest neighbor sampling.
    ///
    /// This creates a pixelated effect when used as a mag filter
    #[default]
    Nearest = 0,
    /// Linear Interpolation
    ///
    /// This makes textures smooth but blurry when used as a mag filter.
    Linear = 1,
}

/// A range of push constant memory to pass to a shader stage.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub struct PushConstantRange {
    /// Stage push constant range is visible from. Each stage can only be served by at most one range.
    /// One range can serve multiple stages however.
    pub stages: ShaderStages,
    /// Range in push constant memory to use for the stage. Must be less than [`Limits::max_push_constant_size`].
    /// Start and end must be aligned to the 4s.
    pub range: Range<u32>,
}

/// Describes a [`CommandBuffer`](../wgpu/struct.CommandBuffer.html).
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUCommandBufferDescriptor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpucommandbufferdescriptor).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub struct CommandBufferDescriptor<L> {
    /// Debug label of this command buffer.
    pub label: L,
}

impl<L> CommandBufferDescriptor<L> {
    /// Takes a closure and maps the label of the command buffer descriptor into another.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn map_label<K>(&self, fun: impl FnOnce(&L) -> K) -> CommandBufferDescriptor<K> {
        CommandBufferDescriptor {
            label: fun(&self.label),
        }
    }
}

/// Describes the depth/stencil attachment for render bundles.
///
/// Corresponds to a portion of [WebGPU `GPURenderBundleEncoderDescriptor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpurenderbundleencoderdescriptor).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub struct RenderBundleDepthStencil {
    /// Format of the attachment.
    pub format: TextureFormat,
    /// If the depth aspect of the depth stencil attachment is going to be written to.
    ///
    /// This must match the [`RenderPassDepthStencilAttachment::depth_ops`] of the renderpass this render bundle is executed in.
    /// If depth_ops is `Some(..)` this must be false. If it is `None` this must be true.
    ///
    /// [`RenderPassDepthStencilAttachment::depth_ops`]: ../wgpu/struct.RenderPassDepthStencilAttachment.html#structfield.depth_ops
    pub depth_read_only: bool,

    /// If the stencil aspect of the depth stencil attachment is going to be written to.
    ///
    /// This must match the [`RenderPassDepthStencilAttachment::stencil_ops`] of the renderpass this render bundle is executed in.
    /// If depth_ops is `Some(..)` this must be false. If it is `None` this must be true.
    ///
    /// [`RenderPassDepthStencilAttachment::stencil_ops`]: ../wgpu/struct.RenderPassDepthStencilAttachment.html#structfield.stencil_ops
    pub stencil_read_only: bool,
}

/// Describes a [`RenderBundle`](../wgpu/struct.RenderBundle.html).
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPURenderBundleDescriptor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpurenderbundledescriptor).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub struct RenderBundleDescriptor<L> {
    /// Debug label of the render bundle encoder. This will show up in graphics debuggers for easy identification.
    pub label: L,
}

impl<L> RenderBundleDescriptor<L> {
    /// Takes a closure and maps the label of the render bundle descriptor into another.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn map_label<K>(&self, fun: impl FnOnce(&L) -> K) -> RenderBundleDescriptor<K> {
        RenderBundleDescriptor {
            label: fun(&self.label),
        }
    }
}

impl<T> Default for RenderBundleDescriptor<Option<T>> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self { label: None }
    }
}

/// Layout of a texture in a buffer's memory.
///
/// The bytes per row and rows per image can be hard to figure out so here are some examples:
///
/// | Resolution | Format | Bytes per block | Pixels per block | Bytes per row                          | Rows per image               |
/// |------------|--------|-----------------|------------------|----------------------------------------|------------------------------|
/// | 256x256    | RGBA8  | 4               | 1 * 1 * 1        | 256 * 4 = Some(1024)                   | None                         |
/// | 32x16x8    | RGBA8  | 4               | 1 * 1 * 1        | 32 * 4 = 128 padded to 256 = Some(256) | None                         |
/// | 256x256    | BC3    | 16              | 4 * 4 * 1        | 16 * (256 / 4) = 1024 = Some(1024)     | None                         |
/// | 64x64x8    | BC3    | 16              | 4 * 4 * 1        | 16 * (64 / 4) = 256 = Some(256)        | 64 / 4 = 16 = Some(16)       |
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUTexelCopyBufferLayout`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpuimagedatalayout).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub struct TexelCopyBufferLayout {
    /// Offset into the buffer that is the start of the texture. Must be a multiple of texture block size.
    /// For non-compressed textures, this is 1.
    pub offset: BufferAddress,
    /// Bytes per "row" in an image.
    ///
    /// A row is one row of pixels or of compressed blocks in the x direction.
    ///
    /// This value is required if there are multiple rows (i.e. height or depth is more than one pixel or pixel block for compressed textures)
    ///
    /// Must be a multiple of 256 for [`CommandEncoder::copy_buffer_to_texture`][CEcbtt]
    /// and [`CommandEncoder::copy_texture_to_buffer`][CEcttb]. You must manually pad the
    /// image such that this is a multiple of 256. It will not affect the image data.
    ///
    /// [`Queue::write_texture`][Qwt] does not have this requirement.
    ///
    /// Must be a multiple of the texture block size. For non-compressed textures, this is 1.
    ///
    /// [CEcbtt]: ../wgpu/struct.CommandEncoder.html#method.copy_buffer_to_texture
    /// [CEcttb]: ../wgpu/struct.CommandEncoder.html#method.copy_texture_to_buffer
    /// [Qwt]: ../wgpu/struct.Queue.html#method.write_texture
    pub bytes_per_row: Option<u32>,
    /// "Rows" that make up a single "image".
    ///
    /// A row is one row of pixels or of compressed blocks in the x direction.
    ///
    /// An image is one layer in the z direction of a 3D image or 2DArray texture.
    ///
    /// The amount of rows per image may be larger than the actual amount of rows of data.
    ///
    /// Required if there are multiple images (i.e. the depth is more than one).
    pub rows_per_image: Option<u32>,
}

/// Old name for a [`TexelCopyBufferLayout`].
#[deprecated(
    since = "24.0.0",
    note = "This has been renamed to `TexelCopyBufferLayout`, and will be removed in 25.0.0."
)]
pub type ImageDataLayout = TexelCopyBufferLayout;

/// Specific type of a buffer binding.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUBufferBindingType`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gpubufferbindingtype).
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub enum BufferBindingType {
    /// A buffer for uniform values.
    ///
    /// Example WGSL syntax:
    /// ```rust,ignore
    /// struct Globals {
    ///     a_uniform: vec2<f32>,
    ///     another_uniform: vec2<f32>,
    /// }
    /// @group(0) @binding(0)
    /// var<uniform> globals: Globals;
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Example GLSL syntax:
    /// ```cpp,ignore
    /// layout(std140, binding = 0)
    /// uniform Globals {
    ///     vec2 aUniform;
    ///     vec2 anotherUniform;
    /// };
    /// ```
    #[default]
    Uniform,
    /// A storage buffer.
    ///
    /// Example WGSL syntax:
    /// ```rust,ignore
    /// @group(0) @binding(0)
    /// var<storage, read_write> my_element: array<vec4<f32>>;
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Example GLSL syntax:
    /// ```cpp,ignore
    /// layout (set=0, binding=0) buffer myStorageBuffer {
    ///     vec4 myElement[];
    /// };
    /// ```
    Storage {
        /// If `true`, the buffer can only be read in the shader,
        /// and it:
        /// - may or may not be annotated with `read` (WGSL).
        /// - must be annotated with `readonly` (GLSL).
        ///
        /// Example WGSL syntax:
        /// ```rust,ignore
        /// @group(0) @binding(0)
        /// var<storage, read> my_element: array<vec4<f32>>;
        /// ```
        ///
        /// Example GLSL syntax:
        /// ```cpp,ignore
        /// layout (set=0, binding=0) readonly buffer myStorageBuffer {
        ///     vec4 myElement[];
        /// };
        /// ```
        read_only: bool,
    },
}

/// Specific type of a sample in a texture binding.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUTextureSampleType`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gputexturesampletype).
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub enum TextureSampleType {
    /// Sampling returns floats.
    ///
    /// Example WGSL syntax:
    /// ```rust,ignore
    /// @group(0) @binding(0)
    /// var t: texture_2d<f32>;
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Example GLSL syntax:
    /// ```cpp,ignore
    /// layout(binding = 0)
    /// uniform texture2D t;
    /// ```
    Float {
        /// If this is `false`, the texture can't be sampled with
        /// a filtering sampler.
        ///
        /// Even if this is `true`, it's possible to sample with
        /// a **non-filtering** sampler.
        filterable: bool,
    },
    /// Sampling does the depth reference comparison.
    ///
    /// This is also compatible with a non-filtering sampler.
    ///
    /// Example WGSL syntax:
    /// ```rust,ignore
    /// @group(0) @binding(0)
    /// var t: texture_depth_2d;
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Example GLSL syntax:
    /// ```cpp,ignore
    /// layout(binding = 0)
    /// uniform texture2DShadow t;
    /// ```
    Depth,
    /// Sampling returns signed integers.
    ///
    /// Example WGSL syntax:
    /// ```rust,ignore
    /// @group(0) @binding(0)
    /// var t: texture_2d<i32>;
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Example GLSL syntax:
    /// ```cpp,ignore
    /// layout(binding = 0)
    /// uniform itexture2D t;
    /// ```
    Sint,
    /// Sampling returns unsigned integers.
    ///
    /// Example WGSL syntax:
    /// ```rust,ignore
    /// @group(0) @binding(0)
    /// var t: texture_2d<u32>;
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Example GLSL syntax:
    /// ```cpp,ignore
    /// layout(binding = 0)
    /// uniform utexture2D t;
    /// ```
    Uint,
}

impl Default for TextureSampleType {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::Float { filterable: true }
    }
}

/// Specific type of a sample in a texture binding.
///
/// For use in [`BindingType::StorageTexture`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUStorageTextureAccess`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gpustoragetextureaccess).
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "kebab-case"))]
pub enum StorageTextureAccess {
    /// The texture can only be written in the shader and it:
    /// - may or may not be annotated with `write` (WGSL).
    /// - must be annotated with `writeonly` (GLSL).
    ///
    /// Example WGSL syntax:
    /// ```rust,ignore
    /// @group(0) @binding(0)
    /// var my_storage_image: texture_storage_2d<r32float, write>;
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Example GLSL syntax:
    /// ```cpp,ignore
    /// layout(set=0, binding=0, r32f) writeonly uniform image2D myStorageImage;
    /// ```
    WriteOnly,
    /// The texture can only be read in the shader and it must be annotated with `read` (WGSL) or
    /// `readonly` (GLSL).
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_ADAPTER_SPECIFIC_FORMAT_FEATURES`] must be enabled to use this access
    /// mode. This is a native-only extension.
    ///
    /// Example WGSL syntax:
    /// ```rust,ignore
    /// @group(0) @binding(0)
    /// var my_storage_image: texture_storage_2d<r32float, read>;
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Example GLSL syntax:
    /// ```cpp,ignore
    /// layout(set=0, binding=0, r32f) readonly uniform image2D myStorageImage;
    /// ```
    ReadOnly,
    /// The texture can be both read and written in the shader and must be annotated with
    /// `read_write` in WGSL.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TEXTURE_ADAPTER_SPECIFIC_FORMAT_FEATURES`] must be enabled to use this access
    /// mode.  This is a nonstandard, native-only extension.
    ///
    /// Example WGSL syntax:
    /// ```rust,ignore
    /// @group(0) @binding(0)
    /// var my_storage_image: texture_storage_2d<r32float, read_write>;
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Example GLSL syntax:
    /// ```cpp,ignore
    /// layout(set=0, binding=0, r32f) uniform image2D myStorageImage;
    /// ```
    ReadWrite,
}

/// Specific type of a sampler binding.
///
/// For use in [`BindingType::Sampler`].
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUSamplerBindingType`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gpusamplerbindingtype).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "kebab-case"))]
pub enum SamplerBindingType {
    /// The sampling result is produced based on more than a single color sample from a texture,
    /// e.g. when bilinear interpolation is enabled.
    Filtering,
    /// The sampling result is produced based on a single color sample from a texture.
    NonFiltering,
    /// Use as a comparison sampler instead of a normal sampler.
    /// For more info take a look at the analogous functionality in OpenGL: <https://www.khronos.org/opengl/wiki/Sampler_Object#Comparison_mode>.
    Comparison,
}

/// Specific type of a binding.
///
/// For use in [`BindGroupLayoutEntry`].
///
/// Corresponds to WebGPU's mutually exclusive fields within [`GPUBindGroupLayoutEntry`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpubindgrouplayoutentry).
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub enum BindingType {
    /// A buffer binding.
    ///
    /// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUBufferBindingLayout`](
    /// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpubufferbindinglayout).
    Buffer {
        /// Sub-type of the buffer binding.
        ty: BufferBindingType,

        /// Indicates that the binding has a dynamic offset.
        ///
        /// One offset must be passed to [`RenderPass::set_bind_group`][RPsbg]
        /// for each dynamic binding in increasing order of binding number.
        ///
        /// [RPsbg]: ../wgpu/struct.RenderPass.html#method.set_bind_group
        #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(default))]
        has_dynamic_offset: bool,

        /// The minimum size for a [`BufferBinding`] matching this entry, in bytes.
        ///
        /// If this is `Some(size)`:
        ///
        /// - When calling [`create_bind_group`], the resource at this bind point
        ///   must be a [`BindingResource::Buffer`] whose effective size is at
        ///   least `size`.
        ///
        /// - When calling [`create_render_pipeline`] or [`create_compute_pipeline`],
        ///   `size` must be at least the [minimum buffer binding size] for the
        ///   shader module global at this bind point: large enough to hold the
        ///   global's value, along with one element of a trailing runtime-sized
        ///   array, if present.
        ///
        /// If this is `None`:
        ///
        /// - Each draw or dispatch command checks that the buffer range at this
        ///   bind point satisfies the [minimum buffer binding size].
        ///
        /// [`BufferBinding`]: ../wgpu/struct.BufferBinding.html
        /// [`create_bind_group`]: ../wgpu/struct.Device.html#method.create_bind_group
        /// [`BindingResource::Buffer`]: ../wgpu/enum.BindingResource.html#variant.Buffer
        /// [minimum buffer binding size]: https://www.w3.org/TR/webgpu/#minimum-buffer-binding-size
        /// [`create_render_pipeline`]: ../wgpu/struct.Device.html#method.create_render_pipeline
        /// [`create_compute_pipeline`]: ../wgpu/struct.Device.html#method.create_compute_pipeline
        #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(default))]
        min_binding_size: Option<BufferSize>,
    },
    /// A sampler that can be used to sample a texture.
    ///
    /// Example WGSL syntax:
    /// ```rust,ignore
    /// @group(0) @binding(0)
    /// var s: sampler;
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Example GLSL syntax:
    /// ```cpp,ignore
    /// layout(binding = 0)
    /// uniform sampler s;
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUSamplerBindingLayout`](
    /// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpusamplerbindinglayout).
    Sampler(SamplerBindingType),
    /// A texture binding.
    ///
    /// Example WGSL syntax:
    /// ```rust,ignore
    /// @group(0) @binding(0)
    /// var t: texture_2d<f32>;
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Example GLSL syntax:
    /// ```cpp,ignore
    /// layout(binding = 0)
    /// uniform texture2D t;
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUTextureBindingLayout`](
    /// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gputexturebindinglayout).
    Texture {
        /// Sample type of the texture binding.
        sample_type: TextureSampleType,
        /// Dimension of the texture view that is going to be sampled.
        view_dimension: TextureViewDimension,
        /// True if the texture has a sample count greater than 1. If this is true,
        /// the texture must be declared as `texture_multisampled_2d` or
        /// `texture_depth_multisampled_2d` in the shader, and read using `textureLoad`.
        multisampled: bool,
    },
    /// A storage texture.
    ///
    /// Example WGSL syntax:
    /// ```rust,ignore
    /// @group(0) @binding(0)
    /// var my_storage_image: texture_storage_2d<r32float, write>;
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Example GLSL syntax:
    /// ```cpp,ignore
    /// layout(set=0, binding=0, r32f) writeonly uniform image2D myStorageImage;
    /// ```
    /// Note that the texture format must be specified in the shader, along with the
    /// access mode. For WGSL, the format must be one of the enumerants in the list
    /// of [storage texel formats](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/wgsl/#storage-texel-formats).
    ///
    /// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUStorageTextureBindingLayout`](
    /// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpustoragetexturebindinglayout).
    StorageTexture {
        /// Allowed access to this texture.
        access: StorageTextureAccess,
        /// Format of the texture.
        format: TextureFormat,
        /// Dimension of the texture view that is going to be sampled.
        view_dimension: TextureViewDimension,
    },

    /// A ray-tracing acceleration structure binding.
    ///
    /// Example WGSL syntax:
    /// ```rust,ignore
    /// @group(0) @binding(0)
    /// var as: acceleration_structure;
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Example GLSL syntax:
    /// ```cpp,ignore
    /// layout(binding = 0)
    /// uniform accelerationStructureEXT as;
    /// ```
    AccelerationStructure,
}

impl BindingType {
    /// Returns true for buffer bindings with dynamic offset enabled.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn has_dynamic_offset(&self) -> bool {
        match *self {
            Self::Buffer {
                has_dynamic_offset, ..
            } => has_dynamic_offset,
            _ => false,
        }
    }
}

/// Describes a single binding inside a bind group.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUBindGroupLayoutEntry`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpubindgrouplayoutentry).
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub struct BindGroupLayoutEntry {
    /// Binding index. Must match shader index and be unique inside a BindGroupLayout. A binding
    /// of index 1, would be described as `layout(set = 0, binding = 1) uniform` in shaders.
    pub binding: u32,
    /// Which shader stages can see this binding.
    pub visibility: ShaderStages,
    /// The type of the binding
    pub ty: BindingType,
    /// If this value is Some, indicates this entry is an array. Array size must be 1 or greater.
    ///
    /// If this value is Some and `ty` is `BindingType::Texture`, [`Features::TEXTURE_BINDING_ARRAY`] must be supported.
    ///
    /// If this value is Some and `ty` is any other variant, bind group creation will fail.
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(default))]
    pub count: Option<NonZeroU32>,
}

/// View of a buffer which can be used to copy to/from a texture.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUTexelCopyBufferInfo`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpuimagecopybuffer).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub struct TexelCopyBufferInfo<B> {
    /// The buffer to be copied to/from.
    pub buffer: B,
    /// The layout of the texture data in this buffer.
    pub layout: TexelCopyBufferLayout,
}

/// Old name for a [`TexelCopyBufferInfo`].
#[deprecated(
    since = "24.0.0",
    note = "This has been renamed to `TexelCopyBufferInfo`, and will be removed in 25.0.0."
)]
pub type ImageCopyBuffer<B> = TexelCopyBufferInfo<B>;

/// View of a texture which can be used to copy to/from a buffer/texture.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUTexelCopyTextureInfo`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpuimagecopytexture).
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub struct TexelCopyTextureInfo<T> {
    /// The texture to be copied to/from.
    pub texture: T,
    /// The target mip level of the texture.
    pub mip_level: u32,
    /// The base texel of the texture in the selected `mip_level`. Together
    /// with the `copy_size` argument to copy functions, defines the
    /// sub-region of the texture to copy.
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(default))]
    pub origin: Origin3d,
    /// The copy aspect.
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(default))]
    pub aspect: TextureAspect,
}

impl<T> TexelCopyTextureInfo<T> {
    /// Adds color space and premultiplied alpha information to make this
    /// descriptor tagged.
    pub fn to_tagged(
        self,
        color_space: PredefinedColorSpace,
        premultiplied_alpha: bool,
    ) -> CopyExternalImageDestInfo<T> {
        CopyExternalImageDestInfo {
            texture: self.texture,
            mip_level: self.mip_level,
            origin: self.origin,
            aspect: self.aspect,
            color_space,
            premultiplied_alpha,
        }
    }
}

/// Old name for a [`TexelCopyTextureInfo`].
#[deprecated(
    since = "24.0.0",
    note = "This has been renamed to `TexelCopyTextureInfo`, and will be removed in 25.0.0."
)]
pub type ImageCopyTexture<T> = TexelCopyTextureInfo<T>;

/// View of an external texture that can be used to copy to a texture.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUCopyExternalImageSourceInfo`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpuimagecopyexternalimage).
#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct CopyExternalImageSourceInfo {
    /// The texture to be copied from. The copy source data is captured at the moment
    /// the copy is issued.
    pub source: ExternalImageSource,
    /// The base texel used for copying from the external image. Together
    /// with the `copy_size` argument to copy functions, defines the
    /// sub-region of the image to copy.
    ///
    /// Relative to the top left of the image.
    ///
    /// Must be [`Origin2d::ZERO`] if [`DownlevelFlags::UNRESTRICTED_EXTERNAL_TEXTURE_COPIES`] is not supported.
    pub origin: Origin2d,
    /// If the Y coordinate of the image should be flipped. Even if this is
    /// true, `origin` is still relative to the top left.
    pub flip_y: bool,
}

/// Old name for a [`CopyExternalImageSourceInfo`].
#[deprecated(
    since = "24.0.0",
    note = "This has been renamed to `CopyExternalImageSourceInfo`, and will be removed in 25.0.0."
)]
#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
pub type ImageCopyExternalImage = CopyExternalImageSourceInfo;

/// Source of an external texture copy.
///
/// Corresponds to the [implicit union type on WebGPU `GPUCopyExternalImageSourceInfo.source`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dom-gpuimagecopyexternalimage-source).
#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub enum ExternalImageSource {
    /// Copy from a previously-decoded image bitmap.
    ImageBitmap(web_sys::ImageBitmap),
    /// Copy from an image element.
    HTMLImageElement(web_sys::HtmlImageElement),
    /// Copy from a current frame of a video element.
    HTMLVideoElement(web_sys::HtmlVideoElement),
    /// Copy from an image.
    ImageData(web_sys::ImageData),
    /// Copy from a on-screen canvas.
    HTMLCanvasElement(web_sys::HtmlCanvasElement),
    /// Copy from a off-screen canvas.
    ///
    /// Requires [`DownlevelFlags::UNRESTRICTED_EXTERNAL_TEXTURE_COPIES`]
    OffscreenCanvas(web_sys::OffscreenCanvas),
    /// Copy from a video frame.
    #[cfg(web_sys_unstable_apis)]
    VideoFrame(web_sys::VideoFrame),
}

#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
impl ExternalImageSource {
    /// Gets the pixel, not css, width of the source.
    pub fn width(&self) -> u32 {
        match self {
            ExternalImageSource::ImageBitmap(b) => b.width(),
            ExternalImageSource::HTMLImageElement(i) => i.width(),
            ExternalImageSource::HTMLVideoElement(v) => v.video_width(),
            ExternalImageSource::ImageData(i) => i.width(),
            ExternalImageSource::HTMLCanvasElement(c) => c.width(),
            ExternalImageSource::OffscreenCanvas(c) => c.width(),
            #[cfg(web_sys_unstable_apis)]
            ExternalImageSource::VideoFrame(v) => v.display_width(),
        }
    }

    /// Gets the pixel, not css, height of the source.
    pub fn height(&self) -> u32 {
        match self {
            ExternalImageSource::ImageBitmap(b) => b.height(),
            ExternalImageSource::HTMLImageElement(i) => i.height(),
            ExternalImageSource::HTMLVideoElement(v) => v.video_height(),
            ExternalImageSource::ImageData(i) => i.height(),
            ExternalImageSource::HTMLCanvasElement(c) => c.height(),
            ExternalImageSource::OffscreenCanvas(c) => c.height(),
            #[cfg(web_sys_unstable_apis)]
            ExternalImageSource::VideoFrame(v) => v.display_height(),
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
impl std::ops::Deref for ExternalImageSource {
    type Target = js_sys::Object;

    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
        match self {
            Self::ImageBitmap(b) => b,
            Self::HTMLImageElement(i) => i,
            Self::HTMLVideoElement(v) => v,
            Self::ImageData(i) => i,
            Self::HTMLCanvasElement(c) => c,
            Self::OffscreenCanvas(c) => c,
            #[cfg(web_sys_unstable_apis)]
            Self::VideoFrame(v) => v,
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(all(
    target_arch = "wasm32",
    feature = "fragile-send-sync-non-atomic-wasm",
    not(target_feature = "atomics")
))]
unsafe impl Send for ExternalImageSource {}
#[cfg(all(
    target_arch = "wasm32",
    feature = "fragile-send-sync-non-atomic-wasm",
    not(target_feature = "atomics")
))]
unsafe impl Sync for ExternalImageSource {}

/// Color spaces supported on the web.
///
/// Corresponds to [HTML Canvas `PredefinedColorSpace`](
/// https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/canvas.html#predefinedcolorspace).
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "kebab-case"))]
pub enum PredefinedColorSpace {
    /// sRGB color space
    Srgb,
    /// Display-P3 color space
    DisplayP3,
}

/// View of a texture which can be used to copy to a texture, including
/// color space and alpha premultiplication information.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUCopyExternalImageDestInfo`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpuimagecopytexturetagged).
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub struct CopyExternalImageDestInfo<T> {
    /// The texture to be copied to/from.
    pub texture: T,
    /// The target mip level of the texture.
    pub mip_level: u32,
    /// The base texel of the texture in the selected `mip_level`.
    pub origin: Origin3d,
    /// The copy aspect.
    pub aspect: TextureAspect,
    /// The color space of this texture.
    pub color_space: PredefinedColorSpace,
    /// The premultiplication of this texture
    pub premultiplied_alpha: bool,
}

impl<T> CopyExternalImageDestInfo<T> {
    /// Removes the colorspace information from the type.
    pub fn to_untagged(self) -> TexelCopyTextureInfo<T> {
        TexelCopyTextureInfo {
            texture: self.texture,
            mip_level: self.mip_level,
            origin: self.origin,
            aspect: self.aspect,
        }
    }
}

/// Old name for a [`CopyExternalImageDestInfo`].
#[deprecated(
    since = "24.0.0",
    note = "This has been renamed to `CopyExternalImageDestInfo`, and will be removed in 25.0.0."
)]
pub type ImageCopyTextureTagged<T> = CopyExternalImageDestInfo<T>;

/// Subresource range within an image
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(rename_all = "camelCase"))]
pub struct ImageSubresourceRange {
    /// Aspect of the texture. Color textures must be [`TextureAspect::All`][TAA].
    ///
    /// [TAA]: ../wgpu/enum.TextureAspect.html#variant.All
    pub aspect: TextureAspect,
    /// Base mip level.
    pub base_mip_level: u32,
    /// Mip level count.
    /// If `Some(count)`, `base_mip_level + count` must be less or equal to underlying texture mip count.
    /// If `None`, considered to include the rest of the mipmap levels, but at least 1 in total.
    pub mip_level_count: Option<u32>,
    /// Base array layer.
    pub base_array_layer: u32,
    /// Layer count.
    /// If `Some(count)`, `base_array_layer + count` must be less or equal to the underlying array count.
    /// If `None`, considered to include the rest of the array layers, but at least 1 in total.
    pub array_layer_count: Option<u32>,
}

impl ImageSubresourceRange {
    /// Returns if the given range represents a full resource, with a texture of the given
    /// layer count and mip count.
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// # use wgpu_types as wgpu;
    ///
    /// let range_none = wgpu::ImageSubresourceRange {
    ///     aspect: wgpu::TextureAspect::All,
    ///     base_mip_level: 0,
    ///     mip_level_count: None,
    ///     base_array_layer: 0,
    ///     array_layer_count: None,
    /// };
    /// assert_eq!(range_none.is_full_resource(wgpu::TextureFormat::Stencil8, 5, 10), true);
    ///
    /// let range_some = wgpu::ImageSubresourceRange {
    ///     aspect: wgpu::TextureAspect::All,
    ///     base_mip_level: 0,
    ///     mip_level_count: Some(5),
    ///     base_array_layer: 0,
    ///     array_layer_count: Some(10),
    /// };
    /// assert_eq!(range_some.is_full_resource(wgpu::TextureFormat::Stencil8, 5, 10), true);
    ///
    /// let range_mixed = wgpu::ImageSubresourceRange {
    ///     aspect: wgpu::TextureAspect::StencilOnly,
    ///     base_mip_level: 0,
    ///     // Only partial resource
    ///     mip_level_count: Some(3),
    ///     base_array_layer: 0,
    ///     array_layer_count: None,
    /// };
    /// assert_eq!(range_mixed.is_full_resource(wgpu::TextureFormat::Stencil8, 5, 10), false);
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_full_resource(
        &self,
        format: TextureFormat,
        mip_levels: u32,
        array_layers: u32,
    ) -> bool {
        // Mip level count and array layer count need to deal with both the None and Some(count) case.
        let mip_level_count = self.mip_level_count.unwrap_or(mip_levels);
        let array_layer_count = self.array_layer_count.unwrap_or(array_layers);

        let aspect_eq = Some(format) == format.aspect_specific_format(self.aspect);

        let base_mip_level_eq = self.base_mip_level == 0;
        let mip_level_count_eq = mip_level_count == mip_levels;

        let base_array_layer_eq = self.base_array_layer == 0;
        let array_layer_count_eq = array_layer_count == array_layers;

        aspect_eq
            && base_mip_level_eq
            && mip_level_count_eq
            && base_array_layer_eq
            && array_layer_count_eq
    }

    /// Returns the mip level range of a subresource range describes for a specific texture.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn mip_range(&self, mip_level_count: u32) -> Range<u32> {
        self.base_mip_level..match self.mip_level_count {
            Some(mip_level_count) => self.base_mip_level + mip_level_count,
            None => mip_level_count,
        }
    }

    /// Returns the layer range of a subresource range describes for a specific texture.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn layer_range(&self, array_layer_count: u32) -> Range<u32> {
        self.base_array_layer..match self.array_layer_count {
            Some(array_layer_count) => self.base_array_layer + array_layer_count,
            None => array_layer_count,
        }
    }
}

/// Color variation to use when sampler addressing mode is [`AddressMode::ClampToBorder`]
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub enum SamplerBorderColor {
    /// [0, 0, 0, 0]
    TransparentBlack,
    /// [0, 0, 0, 1]
    OpaqueBlack,
    /// [1, 1, 1, 1]
    OpaqueWhite,

    /// On the Metal backend, this is equivalent to `TransparentBlack` for
    /// textures that have an alpha component, and equivalent to `OpaqueBlack`
    /// for textures that do not have an alpha component. On other backends,
    /// this is equivalent to `TransparentBlack`. Requires
    /// [`Features::ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_ZERO`]. Not supported on the web.
    Zero,
}

/// Describes how to create a QuerySet.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUQuerySetDescriptor`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#dictdef-gpuquerysetdescriptor).
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub struct QuerySetDescriptor<L> {
    /// Debug label for the query set.
    pub label: L,
    /// Kind of query that this query set should contain.
    pub ty: QueryType,
    /// Total count of queries the set contains. Must not be zero.
    /// Must not be greater than [`QUERY_SET_MAX_QUERIES`].
    pub count: u32,
}

impl<L> QuerySetDescriptor<L> {
    /// Takes a closure and maps the label of the query set descriptor into another.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn map_label<'a, K>(&'a self, fun: impl FnOnce(&'a L) -> K) -> QuerySetDescriptor<K> {
        QuerySetDescriptor {
            label: fun(&self.label),
            ty: self.ty,
            count: self.count,
        }
    }
}

/// Type of query contained in a QuerySet.
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUQueryType`](
/// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gpuquerytype).
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub enum QueryType {
    /// Query returns a single 64-bit number, serving as an occlusion boolean.
    Occlusion,
    /// Query returns up to 5 64-bit numbers based on the given flags.
    ///
    /// See [`PipelineStatisticsTypes`]'s documentation for more information
    /// on how they get resolved.
    ///
    /// [`Features::PIPELINE_STATISTICS_QUERY`] must be enabled to use this query type.
    PipelineStatistics(PipelineStatisticsTypes),
    /// Query returns a 64-bit number indicating the GPU-timestamp
    /// where all previous commands have finished executing.
    ///
    /// Must be multiplied by [`Queue::get_timestamp_period`][Qgtp] to get
    /// the value in nanoseconds. Absolute values have no meaning,
    /// but timestamps can be subtracted to get the time it takes
    /// for a string of operations to complete.
    ///
    /// [`Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY`] must be enabled to use this query type.
    ///
    /// [Qgtp]: ../wgpu/struct.Queue.html#method.get_timestamp_period
    Timestamp,
}

bitflags::bitflags! {
    /// Flags for which pipeline data should be recorded.
    ///
    /// The amount of values written when resolved depends
    /// on the amount of flags. If 3 flags are enabled, 3
    /// 64-bit values will be written per-query.
    ///
    /// The order they are written is the order they are declared
    /// in this bitflags. If you enabled `CLIPPER_PRIMITIVES_OUT`
    /// and `COMPUTE_SHADER_INVOCATIONS`, it would write 16 bytes,
    /// the first 8 bytes being the primitive out value, the last 8
    /// bytes being the compute shader invocation count.
    #[repr(transparent)]
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(transparent))]
    #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
    pub struct PipelineStatisticsTypes : u8 {
        /// Amount of times the vertex shader is ran. Accounts for
        /// the vertex cache when doing indexed rendering.
        const VERTEX_SHADER_INVOCATIONS = 1 << 0;
        /// Amount of times the clipper is invoked. This
        /// is also the amount of triangles output by the vertex shader.
        const CLIPPER_INVOCATIONS = 1 << 1;
        /// Amount of primitives that are not culled by the clipper.
        /// This is the amount of triangles that are actually on screen
        /// and will be rasterized and rendered.
        const CLIPPER_PRIMITIVES_OUT = 1 << 2;
        /// Amount of times the fragment shader is ran. Accounts for
        /// fragment shaders running in 2x2 blocks in order to get
        /// derivatives.
        const FRAGMENT_SHADER_INVOCATIONS = 1 << 3;
        /// Amount of times a compute shader is invoked. This will
        /// be equivalent to the dispatch count times the workgroup size.
        const COMPUTE_SHADER_INVOCATIONS = 1 << 4;
    }
}

/// Argument buffer layout for draw_indirect commands.
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Default)]
pub struct DrawIndirectArgs {
    /// The number of vertices to draw.
    pub vertex_count: u32,
    /// The number of instances to draw.
    pub instance_count: u32,
    /// The Index of the first vertex to draw.
    pub first_vertex: u32,
    /// The instance ID of the first instance to draw.
    ///
    /// Has to be 0, unless [`Features::INDIRECT_FIRST_INSTANCE`](crate::Features::INDIRECT_FIRST_INSTANCE) is enabled.
    pub first_instance: u32,
}

impl DrawIndirectArgs {
    /// Returns the bytes representation of the struct, ready to be written in a buffer.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {
        unsafe {
            std::mem::transmute(std::slice::from_raw_parts(
                std::ptr::from_ref(self).cast::<u8>(),
                size_of::<Self>(),
            ))
        }
    }
}

/// Argument buffer layout for draw_indexed_indirect commands.
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Default)]
pub struct DrawIndexedIndirectArgs {
    /// The number of indices to draw.
    pub index_count: u32,
    /// The number of instances to draw.
    pub instance_count: u32,
    /// The first index within the index buffer.
    pub first_index: u32,
    /// The value added to the vertex index before indexing into the vertex buffer.
    pub base_vertex: i32,
    /// The instance ID of the first instance to draw.
    ///
    /// Has to be 0, unless [`Features::INDIRECT_FIRST_INSTANCE`](crate::Features::INDIRECT_FIRST_INSTANCE) is enabled.
    pub first_instance: u32,
}

impl DrawIndexedIndirectArgs {
    /// Returns the bytes representation of the struct, ready to be written in a buffer.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {
        unsafe {
            std::mem::transmute(std::slice::from_raw_parts(
                std::ptr::from_ref(self).cast::<u8>(),
                size_of::<Self>(),
            ))
        }
    }
}

/// Argument buffer layout for dispatch_indirect commands.
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Default)]
pub struct DispatchIndirectArgs {
    /// The number of work groups in X dimension.
    pub x: u32,
    /// The number of work groups in Y dimension.
    pub y: u32,
    /// The number of work groups in Z dimension.
    pub z: u32,
}

impl DispatchIndirectArgs {
    /// Returns the bytes representation of the struct, ready to be written into a buffer.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {
        unsafe {
            std::mem::transmute(std::slice::from_raw_parts(
                std::ptr::from_ref(self).cast::<u8>(),
                size_of::<Self>(),
            ))
        }
    }
}

/// Describes how shader bound checks should be performed.
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub struct ShaderRuntimeChecks {
    /// Enforce bounds checks in shaders, even if the underlying driver doesn't
    /// support doing so natively.
    ///
    /// When this is `true`, `wgpu` promises that shaders can only read or
    /// write the accessible region of a bindgroup's buffer bindings. If
    /// the underlying graphics platform cannot implement these bounds checks
    /// itself, `wgpu` will inject bounds checks before presenting the
    /// shader to the platform.
    ///
    /// When this is `false`, `wgpu` only enforces such bounds checks if the
    /// underlying platform provides a way to do so itself. `wgpu` does not
    /// itself add any bounds checks to generated shader code.
    ///
    /// Note that `wgpu` users may try to initialize only those portions of
    /// buffers that they anticipate might be read from. Passing `false` here
    /// may allow shaders to see wider regions of the buffers than expected,
    /// making such deferred initialization visible to the application.
    pub bounds_checks: bool,
    ///
    /// If false, the caller MUST ensure that all passed shaders do not contain any infinite loops.
    ///
    /// If it does, backend compilers MAY treat such a loop as unreachable code and draw
    /// conclusions about other safety-critical code paths. This option SHOULD NOT be disabled
    /// when running untrusted code.
    pub force_loop_bounding: bool,
}

impl ShaderRuntimeChecks {
    /// Creates a new configuration where the shader is fully checked.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn checked() -> Self {
        unsafe { Self::all(true) }
    }

    /// Creates a new configuration where none of the checks are performed.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// See the documentation for the `set_*` methods for the safety requirements
    /// of each sub-configuration.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn unchecked() -> Self {
        unsafe { Self::all(false) }
    }

    /// Creates a new configuration where all checks are enabled or disabled. To safely
    /// create a configuration with all checks enabled, use [`ShaderRuntimeChecks::checked`].
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// See the documentation for the `set_*` methods for the safety requirements
    /// of each sub-configuration.
    #[must_use]
    pub unsafe fn all(all_checks: bool) -> Self {
        Self {
            bounds_checks: all_checks,
            force_loop_bounding: all_checks,
        }
    }
}

impl Default for ShaderRuntimeChecks {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::checked()
    }
}

/// Selects which DX12 shader compiler to use.
///
/// If the `Dxc` option is selected, but `dxcompiler.dll` and `dxil.dll` files aren't found,
/// then this will fall back to the Fxc compiler at runtime and log an error.
///
/// `wgpu::utils::init::dx12_shader_compiler_from_env` can be used to set the compiler
/// from the `WGPU_DX12_SHADER_COMPILER` environment variable, but this should only be used for testing.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
pub enum Dx12Compiler {
    /// The Fxc compiler (default) is old, slow and unmaintained.
    ///
    /// However, it doesn't require any additional .dlls to be shipped with the application.
    #[default]
    Fxc,
    /// The Dxc compiler is new, fast and maintained.
    ///
    /// However, it requires both `dxcompiler.dll` and `dxil.dll` to be shipped with the application.
    /// These files can be downloaded from <https://github.com/microsoft/DirectXShaderCompiler/releases>.
    ///
    /// Minimum supported version: [v1.5.2010](https://github.com/microsoft/DirectXShaderCompiler/releases/tag/v1.5.2010)
    ///
    /// It also requires WDDM 2.1 (Windows 10 version 1607).
    DynamicDxc {
        /// Path to `dxcompiler.dll`.
        dxc_path: PathBuf,
        /// Path to `dxil.dll`.
        dxil_path: PathBuf,
    },
    /// The statically-linked variant of Dxc.
    /// The `static-dxc` feature is required to use this.
    StaticDxc,
}

/// Selects which OpenGL ES 3 minor version to request.
///
/// When using ANGLE as an OpenGL ES/EGL implementation, explicitly requesting `Version1` can provide a non-conformant ES 3.1 on APIs like D3D11.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
pub enum Gles3MinorVersion {
    /// No explicit minor version is requested, the driver automatically picks the highest available.
    #[default]
    Automatic,

    /// Request an ES 3.0 context.
    Version0,

    /// Request an ES 3.1 context.
    Version1,

    /// Request an ES 3.2 context.
    Version2,
}

/// Options for creating an instance.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct InstanceDescriptor {
    /// Which `Backends` to enable.
    pub backends: Backends,
    /// Flags to tune the behavior of the instance.
    pub flags: InstanceFlags,
    /// Which DX12 shader compiler to use.
    pub dx12_shader_compiler: Dx12Compiler,
    /// Which OpenGL ES 3 minor version to request. Will be ignored if OpenGL is available.
    pub gles_minor_version: Gles3MinorVersion,
}

impl Default for InstanceDescriptor {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            backends: Backends::all(),
            flags: InstanceFlags::default(),
            dx12_shader_compiler: Dx12Compiler::default(),
            gles_minor_version: Gles3MinorVersion::default(),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
/// Descriptor for all size defining attributes of a single triangle geometry inside a bottom level acceleration structure.
pub struct BlasTriangleGeometrySizeDescriptor {
    /// Format of a vertex position, must be [VertexFormat::Float32x3]
    /// with just [Features::EXPERIMENTAL_RAY_TRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE]
    /// but later features may add more formats.
    pub vertex_format: VertexFormat,
    /// Number of vertices.
    pub vertex_count: u32,
    /// Format of an index. Only needed if an index buffer is used.
    /// If `index_format` is provided `index_count` is required.
    pub index_format: Option<IndexFormat>,
    /// Number of indices. Only needed if an index buffer is used.
    /// If `index_count` is provided `index_format` is required.
    pub index_count: Option<u32>,
    /// Flags for the geometry.
    pub flags: AccelerationStructureGeometryFlags,
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
/// Descriptor for all size defining attributes of all geometries inside a bottom level acceleration structure.
pub enum BlasGeometrySizeDescriptors {
    /// Triangle geometry version.
    Triangles {
        /// Descriptor for each triangle geometry.
        descriptors: Vec<BlasTriangleGeometrySizeDescriptor>,
    },
}

#[repr(u8)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
/// Update mode for acceleration structure builds.
pub enum AccelerationStructureUpdateMode {
    /// Always perform a full build.
    Build,
    /// If possible, perform an incremental update.
    ///
    /// Not advised for major topology changes.
    /// (Useful for e.g. skinning)
    PreferUpdate,
}

#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
/// Descriptor for creating a bottom level acceleration structure.
pub struct CreateBlasDescriptor<L> {
    /// Label for the bottom level acceleration structure.
    pub label: L,
    /// Flags for the bottom level acceleration structure.
    pub flags: AccelerationStructureFlags,
    /// Update mode for the bottom level acceleration structure.
    pub update_mode: AccelerationStructureUpdateMode,
}

impl<L> CreateBlasDescriptor<L> {
    /// Takes a closure and maps the label of the blas descriptor into another.
    pub fn map_label<K>(&self, fun: impl FnOnce(&L) -> K) -> CreateBlasDescriptor<K> {
        CreateBlasDescriptor {
            label: fun(&self.label),
            flags: self.flags,
            update_mode: self.update_mode,
        }
    }
}

#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
/// Descriptor for creating a top level acceleration structure.
pub struct CreateTlasDescriptor<L> {
    /// Label for the top level acceleration structure.
    pub label: L,
    /// Number of instances that can be stored in the acceleration structure.
    pub max_instances: u32,
    /// Flags for the bottom level acceleration structure.
    pub flags: AccelerationStructureFlags,
    /// Update mode for the bottom level acceleration structure.
    pub update_mode: AccelerationStructureUpdateMode,
}

impl<L> CreateTlasDescriptor<L> {
    /// Takes a closure and maps the label of the blas descriptor into another.
    pub fn map_label<K>(&self, fun: impl FnOnce(&L) -> K) -> CreateTlasDescriptor<K> {
        CreateTlasDescriptor {
            label: fun(&self.label),
            flags: self.flags,
            update_mode: self.update_mode,
            max_instances: self.max_instances,
        }
    }
}

bitflags::bitflags!(
    /// Flags for acceleration structures
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(transparent))]
    #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
    pub struct AccelerationStructureFlags: u8 {
        /// Allow for incremental updates (no change in size), currently this is unimplemented
        /// and will build as normal (this is fine, update vs build should be unnoticeable)
        const ALLOW_UPDATE = 1 << 0;
        /// Allow the acceleration structure to be compacted in a copy operation, the function
        /// to compact is not currently implemented.
        const ALLOW_COMPACTION = 1 << 1;
        /// Optimize for fast ray tracing performance, recommended if the geometry is unlikely
        /// to change (e.g. in a game: non-interactive scene geometry)
        const PREFER_FAST_TRACE = 1 << 2;
        /// Optimize for fast build time, recommended if geometry is likely to change frequently
        /// (e.g. in a game: player model).
        const PREFER_FAST_BUILD = 1 << 3;
        /// Optimize for low memory footprint (both while building and in the output BLAS).
        const LOW_MEMORY = 1 << 4;
    }
);

bitflags::bitflags!(
    /// Flags for acceleration structure geometries
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(transparent))]
    #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
    pub struct AccelerationStructureGeometryFlags: u8 {
        /// Is OPAQUE (is there no alpha test) recommended as currently in naga there is no
        /// candidate intersections yet so currently BLASes without this flag will not have hits.
        /// Not enabling this makes the BLAS unable to be interacted with in WGSL.
        const OPAQUE = 1 << 0;
        /// NO_DUPLICATE_ANY_HIT_INVOCATION, not useful unless using hal with wgpu, ray-tracing
        /// pipelines are not supported in wgpu so any-hit shaders do not exist. For when any-hit
        /// shaders are implemented (or experienced users who combine this with an underlying library:
        /// for any primitive (triangle or AABB) multiple any-hit shaders sometimes may be invoked
        /// (especially in AABBs like a sphere), if this flag in present only one hit on a primitive may
        /// invoke an any-hit shader.
        const NO_DUPLICATE_ANY_HIT_INVOCATION = 1 << 1;
    }
);

/// Alignment requirement for transform buffers used in acceleration structure builds
pub const TRANSFORM_BUFFER_ALIGNMENT: BufferAddress = 16;

/// Alignment requirement for instance buffers used in acceleration structure builds (`build_acceleration_structures_unsafe_tlas`)
pub const INSTANCE_BUFFER_ALIGNMENT: BufferAddress = 16;

pub use send_sync::*;

#[doc(hidden)]
mod send_sync {
    pub trait WasmNotSendSync: WasmNotSend + WasmNotSync {}
    impl<T: WasmNotSend + WasmNotSync> WasmNotSendSync for T {}
    #[cfg(any(
        not(target_arch = "wasm32"),
        all(
            feature = "fragile-send-sync-non-atomic-wasm",
            not(target_feature = "atomics")
        )
    ))]
    pub trait WasmNotSend: Send {}
    #[cfg(any(
        not(target_arch = "wasm32"),
        all(
            feature = "fragile-send-sync-non-atomic-wasm",
            not(target_feature = "atomics")
        )
    ))]
    impl<T: Send> WasmNotSend for T {}
    #[cfg(not(any(
        not(target_arch = "wasm32"),
        all(
            feature = "fragile-send-sync-non-atomic-wasm",
            not(target_feature = "atomics")
        )
    )))]
    pub trait WasmNotSend {}
    #[cfg(not(any(
        not(target_arch = "wasm32"),
        all(
            feature = "fragile-send-sync-non-atomic-wasm",
            not(target_feature = "atomics")
        )
    )))]
    impl<T> WasmNotSend for T {}

    #[cfg(any(
        not(target_arch = "wasm32"),
        all(
            feature = "fragile-send-sync-non-atomic-wasm",
            not(target_feature = "atomics")
        )
    ))]
    pub trait WasmNotSync: Sync {}
    #[cfg(any(
        not(target_arch = "wasm32"),
        all(
            feature = "fragile-send-sync-non-atomic-wasm",
            not(target_feature = "atomics")
        )
    ))]
    impl<T: Sync> WasmNotSync for T {}
    #[cfg(not(any(
        not(target_arch = "wasm32"),
        all(
            feature = "fragile-send-sync-non-atomic-wasm",
            not(target_feature = "atomics")
        )
    )))]
    pub trait WasmNotSync {}
    #[cfg(not(any(
        not(target_arch = "wasm32"),
        all(
            feature = "fragile-send-sync-non-atomic-wasm",
            not(target_feature = "atomics")
        )
    )))]
    impl<T> WasmNotSync for T {}
}

/// Reason for "lose the device".
///
/// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUDeviceLostReason`](https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gpudevicelostreason).
#[repr(u8)]
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub enum DeviceLostReason {
    /// Triggered by driver
    Unknown = 0,
    /// After Device::destroy
    Destroyed = 1,
}