wgpu_types/

features.rs

//! # Features
//!
//! Types identifying optional features of WebGPU and wgpu. Availability varies
//! by hardware and can be checked when requesting an adapter and device.
//!
//! The `wgpu` Rust API always uses the `Features` bit flag type to represent a
//! set of features. However, the WebGPU-defined JavaScript API uses
//! `kebab-case` feature name strings, so some utilities are provided for
//! working with those names. See [`Features::as_str`] and [`Features::from_str`].
//!
//! The [`bitflags`] crate names flags by stringifying the
//! `SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE` identifier. These names are returned by
//! [`Features::iter_names`] and parsed by [`Features::from_name`].
//! [`bitflags`] does not currently support customized flag naming.
//! See <https://github.com/bitflags/bitflags/issues/470>.

use crate::{link_to_wgpu_docs, link_to_wgpu_item, VertexFormat};
use alloc::vec::Vec;
use bitflags::Flags;
#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
use core::mem::size_of;
use core::str::FromStr;
#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

pub use webgpu_impl::*;
mod webgpu_impl {
    //! Constant values for [`super::FeaturesWebGPU`], separated so they can be picked up by
    //! `cbindgen` in `mozilla-central` (where Firefox is developed).
    #![allow(missing_docs)]

    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub const WEBGPU_FEATURE_DEPTH_CLIP_CONTROL: u64 = 1 << 0;

    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub const WEBGPU_FEATURE_DEPTH32FLOAT_STENCIL8: u64 = 1 << 1;

    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub const WEBGPU_FEATURE_TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC: u64 = 1 << 2;

    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub const WEBGPU_FEATURE_TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC_SLICED_3D: u64 = 1 << 3;

    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub const WEBGPU_FEATURE_TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ETC2: u64 = 1 << 4;

    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub const WEBGPU_FEATURE_TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC: u64 = 1 << 5;

    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub const WEBGPU_FEATURE_TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC_SLICED_3D: u64 = 1 << 6;

    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub const WEBGPU_FEATURE_TIMESTAMP_QUERY: u64 = 1 << 7;

    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub const WEBGPU_FEATURE_INDIRECT_FIRST_INSTANCE: u64 = 1 << 8;

    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub const WEBGPU_FEATURE_SHADER_F16: u64 = 1 << 9;

    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub const WEBGPU_FEATURE_RG11B10UFLOAT_RENDERABLE: u64 = 1 << 10;

    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub const WEBGPU_FEATURE_BGRA8UNORM_STORAGE: u64 = 1 << 11;

    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub const WEBGPU_FEATURE_FLOAT32_FILTERABLE: u64 = 1 << 12;

    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub const WEBGPU_FEATURE_FLOAT32_BLENDABLE: u64 = 1 << 13;

    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub const WEBGPU_FEATURE_DUAL_SOURCE_BLENDING: u64 = 1 << 14;

    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub const WEBGPU_FEATURE_CLIP_DISTANCES: u64 = 1 << 15;

    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub const WEBGPU_FEATURE_IMMEDIATES: u64 = 1 << 16;

    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub const WEBGPU_FEATURE_PRIMITIVE_INDEX: u64 = 1 << 17;

    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub const WEBGPU_FEATURE_TEXTURE_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE: u64 = 1 << 18;
}

impl From<FeatureBits> for Features {
    fn from(value: FeatureBits) -> Self {
        Self::from_bits_retain(value)
    }
}

impl From<Features> for FeatureBits {
    fn from(value: Features) -> Self {
        value.bits()
    }
}

crate::bitflags_array! {
    /// Features that are not guaranteed to be supported.
    ///
    /// These are either part of the webgpu standard, or are extension features supported by
    /// wgpu when targeting native.
    ///
    /// If you want to use a feature, you need to first verify that the adapter supports
    /// the feature. If the adapter does not support the feature, requesting a device with it enabled
    /// will panic.
    ///
    /// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUFeatureName`](
    /// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gpufeaturename).
    #[repr(C)]
    #[derive(Default, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
    pub struct (Features, FeatureBits): [u64; 2];

    /// Features that are not guaranteed to be supported.
    ///
    /// Most of these are native-only extension features supported by wgpu only when targeting
    /// native. A few are intended to align with a proposed WebGPU extension, and one
    /// (`EXTERNAL_TEXTURE`) controls WebGPU-specified behavior that is not optional in the
    /// standard, but that we don't want to make a [`crate::DownlevelFlags`] until the
    /// implementation is more complete. For all features see [`Features`].
    ///
    /// If you want to use a feature, you need to first verify that the adapter supports
    /// the feature. If the adapter does not support the feature, requesting a device with it enabled
    /// will panic.
    ///
    /// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUFeatureName`](
    /// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gpufeaturename).
    #[repr(transparent)]
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(transparent))]
    #[derive(Default, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
    pub struct FeaturesWGPU features_wgpu {
        /// Allows shaders to use f32 atomic load, store, add, sub, and exchange.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Metal (with MSL 3.0+ and Apple7+/Mac2)
        /// - Vulkan (with [VK_EXT_shader_atomic_float])
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        ///
        /// [VK_EXT_shader_atomic_float]: https://registry.khronos.org/vulkan/specs/1.3-extensions/man/html/VK_EXT_shader_atomic_float.html
        #[name("wgpu-shader-float32-atomic")]
        const SHADER_FLOAT32_ATOMIC = 1 << 0;

        // The features starting with a ? are features that might become part of the spec or
        // at the very least we can implement as native features; since they should cover all
        // possible formats and capabilities across backends.
        //
        // ? const FORMATS_TIER_1 = 1 << ??; (https://github.com/gpuweb/gpuweb/issues/3837)
        // ? const RW_STORAGE_TEXTURE_TIER_1 = 1 << ??; (https://github.com/gpuweb/gpuweb/issues/3838)
        // ? const NORM16_FILTERABLE = 1 << ??; (https://github.com/gpuweb/gpuweb/issues/3839)
        // ? const NORM16_RESOLVE = 1 << ??; (https://github.com/gpuweb/gpuweb/issues/3839)
        // ? const 32BIT_FORMAT_MULTISAMPLE = 1 << ??; (https://github.com/gpuweb/gpuweb/issues/3844)
        // ? const 32BIT_FORMAT_RESOLVE = 1 << ??; (https://github.com/gpuweb/gpuweb/issues/3844)
        // TEXTURE_ADAPTER_SPECIFIC_FORMAT_FEATURES might not be necessary if we have all the texture features implemented

        // Texture Formats:

        /// Enables normalized `16-bit` texture formats.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal
        /// - OpenGL (desktop GL 3.3+ for UNORM; GLES / WebGL2 needs
        ///   `EXT_texture_norm16`. SNORM color-attachment usage
        ///   additionally requires `EXT_render_snorm` on both paths.)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-texture-format-16-bit-norm", "texture-format-16-bit-norm")]
        const TEXTURE_FORMAT_16BIT_NORM = 1 << 1;
        /// Enables ASTC HDR family of compressed textures.
        ///
        /// Compressed textures sacrifice some quality in exchange for significantly reduced
        /// bandwidth usage.
        ///
        /// Support for this feature guarantees availability of [`TextureUsages::COPY_SRC | TextureUsages::COPY_DST | TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING`] for ASTC formats with the HDR channel type.
        /// [`Features::TEXTURE_ADAPTER_SPECIFIC_FORMAT_FEATURES`] may enable additional usages.
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Metal
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - OpenGL
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-texture-compression-astc-hdr", "texture-compression-astc-hdr")]
        const TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC_HDR = 1 << 2;
        /// Enables device specific texture format features.
        ///
        /// See `TextureFormatFeatures` for a listing of the features in question.
        ///
        /// By default only texture format properties as defined by the WebGPU specification are allowed.
        /// Enabling this feature flag extends the features of each format to the ones supported by the current device.
        /// Note that without this flag, read/write storage access is not allowed at all.
        ///
        /// This extension does not enable additional formats.
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-texture-adapter-specific-format-features", "texture-adapter-specific-format-features")]
        const TEXTURE_ADAPTER_SPECIFIC_FORMAT_FEATURES = 1 << 3;

        // API:

        /// Enables use of Pipeline Statistics Queries. These queries tell the count of various operations
        /// performed between the start and stop call. Call [`RenderPass::begin_pipeline_statistics_query`] to start
        /// a query, then call [`RenderPass::end_pipeline_statistics_query`] to stop one.
        ///
        /// They must be resolved using [`CommandEncoder::resolve_query_set`] into a buffer.
        /// The rules on how these resolve into buffers are detailed in the documentation for [`PipelineStatisticsTypes`].
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature with a [proposal](https://github.com/gpuweb/gpuweb/blob/0008bd30da2366af88180b511a5d0d0c1dffbc36/proposals/pipeline-statistics-query.md) for the web.
        ///
        #[doc = link_to_wgpu_docs!(["`RenderPass::begin_pipeline_statistics_query`"]: "struct.RenderPass.html#method.begin_pipeline_statistics_query")]
        #[doc = link_to_wgpu_docs!(["`RenderPass::end_pipeline_statistics_query`"]: "struct.RenderPass.html#method.end_pipeline_statistics_query")]
        #[doc = link_to_wgpu_docs!(["`CommandEncoder::resolve_query_set`"]: "struct.CommandEncoder.html#method.resolve_query_set")]
        /// [`PipelineStatisticsTypes`]: super::PipelineStatisticsTypes
        #[name("wgpu-pipeline-statistics-query", "pipeline-statistics-query")]
        const PIPELINE_STATISTICS_QUERY = 1 << 4;
        /// Allows for timestamp queries directly on command encoders.
        ///
        /// Adapters that support this feature also support
        /// [`Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY`]. Both features must be requested
        /// explicitly to use timestamp queries on command encoders.
        ///
        /// Additionally allows for timestamp writes on command encoders
        /// using [`CommandEncoder::write_timestamp`].
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal (AMD & Intel, not Apple GPUs)
        /// - OpenGL (with GL_ARB_timer_query)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        ///
        #[doc = link_to_wgpu_docs!(["`CommandEncoder::write_timestamp`"]: "struct.CommandEncoder.html#method.write_timestamp")]
        #[name("wgpu-timestamp-query-inside-encoders")]
        const TIMESTAMP_QUERY_INSIDE_ENCODERS = 1 << 5;
        /// Allows for timestamp queries directly inside render and compute passes.
        ///
        /// Adapters that support this feature also support
        /// [`Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY`] and [`Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY_INSIDE_ENCODERS`].
        /// This feature must be requested with [`Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY`] to use timestamp
        /// queries inside passes. Additionally, [`Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY_INSIDE_ENCODERS`]
        /// must be requested to use timestamp queries on command encoders.
        ///
        /// Additionally allows for timestamp queries to be used inside render & compute passes using:
        /// - [`RenderPass::write_timestamp`]
        /// - [`ComputePass::write_timestamp`]
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal (AMD & Intel, not Apple GPUs)
        /// - OpenGL (with GL_ARB_timer_query)
        ///
        /// This is generally not available on tile-based rasterization GPUs.
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature with a [proposal](https://github.com/gpuweb/gpuweb/blob/0008bd30da2366af88180b511a5d0d0c1dffbc36/proposals/timestamp-query-inside-passes.md) for the web.
        ///
        #[doc = link_to_wgpu_docs!(["`RenderPass::write_timestamp`"]: "struct.RenderPass.html#method.write_timestamp")]
        #[doc = link_to_wgpu_docs!(["`ComputePass::write_timestamp`"]: "struct.ComputePass.html#method.write_timestamp")]
        #[name("wgpu-timestamp-query-inside-passes", "timestamp-query-inside-passes")]
        const TIMESTAMP_QUERY_INSIDE_PASSES = 1 << 6;
        /// Webgpu only allows the MAP_READ and MAP_WRITE buffer usage to be matched with
        /// COPY_DST and COPY_SRC respectively. This removes this requirement.
        ///
        /// This is only beneficial on systems that share memory between CPU and GPU. If enabled
        /// on a system that doesn't, this can severely hinder performance. Only use if you understand
        /// the consequences.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-mappable-primary-buffers", "mappable-primary-buffers")]
        const MAPPABLE_PRIMARY_BUFFERS = 1 << 7;
        /// Allows the user to create uniform arrays of textures in shaders:
        ///
        /// ex.
        /// - `var textures: binding_array<texture_2d<f32>, 10>` (WGSL)
        /// - `uniform texture2D textures[10]` (GLSL)
        ///
        /// If [`Features::STORAGE_RESOURCE_BINDING_ARRAY`] is supported as well as this, the user
        /// may also create uniform arrays of storage textures.
        ///
        /// ex.
        /// - `var textures: array<texture_storage_2d<r32float, write>, 10>` (WGSL)
        /// - `uniform image2D textures[10]` (GLSL)
        ///
        /// This capability allows them to exist and to be indexed by dynamically uniform
        /// values.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal (with MSL 2.0+ on macOS 10.13+)
        /// - Vulkan
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-texture-binding-array", "texture-binding-array")]
        const TEXTURE_BINDING_ARRAY = 1 << 8;
        /// Allows the user to create arrays of buffers in shaders:
        ///
        /// ex.
        /// - `var<uniform> buffer_array: array<MyBuffer, 10>` (WGSL)
        /// - `uniform myBuffer { ... } buffer_array[10]` (GLSL)
        ///
        /// This capability allows them to exist and to be indexed by dynamically uniform
        /// values.
        ///
        /// If [`Features::STORAGE_RESOURCE_BINDING_ARRAY`] is supported as well as this, the user
        /// may also create arrays of storage buffers.
        ///
        /// ex.
        /// - `var<storage> buffer_array: array<MyBuffer, 10>` (WGSL)
        /// - `buffer myBuffer { ... } buffer_array[10]` (GLSL)
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-buffer-binding-array", "buffer-binding-array")]
        const BUFFER_BINDING_ARRAY = 1 << 9;
        /// Allows the user to create uniform arrays of storage buffers or textures in shaders,
        /// if resp. [`Features::BUFFER_BINDING_ARRAY`] or [`Features::TEXTURE_BINDING_ARRAY`]
        /// is supported.
        ///
        /// This capability allows them to exist and to be indexed by dynamically uniform
        /// values.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Metal (with MSL 2.2+ on macOS 10.13+)
        /// - Vulkan
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-storage-resource-binding-array", "storage-resource-binding-array")]
        const STORAGE_RESOURCE_BINDING_ARRAY = 1 << 10;
        /// Allows shaders to index sampled texture and storage buffer resource arrays with dynamically non-uniform values:
        ///
        /// ex. `texture_array[vertex_data]`
        ///
        /// In order to use this capability, the corresponding GLSL extension must be enabled like so:
        ///
        /// `#extension GL_EXT_nonuniform_qualifier : require`
        ///
        /// and then used either as `nonuniformEXT` qualifier in variable declaration:
        ///
        /// ex. `layout(location = 0) nonuniformEXT flat in int vertex_data;`
        ///
        /// or as `nonuniformEXT` constructor:
        ///
        /// ex. `texture_array[nonuniformEXT(vertex_data)]`
        ///
        /// WGSL and HLSL do not need any extension.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal (with MSL 2.0+ on macOS 10.13+)
        /// - Vulkan 1.2+ (or VK_EXT_descriptor_indexing)'s shaderSampledImageArrayNonUniformIndexing & shaderStorageBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing feature)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-sampled-texture-and-storage-buffer-array-non-uniform-indexing", "sampled-texture-and-storage-buffer-array-non-uniform-indexing")]
        const SAMPLED_TEXTURE_AND_STORAGE_BUFFER_ARRAY_NON_UNIFORM_INDEXING = 1 << 11;
        /// Allows shaders to index storage texture resource arrays with dynamically non-uniform values:
        ///
        /// ex. `texture_array[vertex_data]`
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal (with MSL 2.0+ on macOS 10.13+)
        /// - Vulkan 1.2+ (or VK_EXT_descriptor_indexing)'s shaderStorageTextureArrayNonUniformIndexing feature)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-storage-texture-array-non-uniform-indexing", "storage-texture-array-non-uniform-indexing")]
        const STORAGE_TEXTURE_ARRAY_NON_UNIFORM_INDEXING = 1 << 12;
        /// Allows the user to create bind groups containing arrays with less bindings than the BindGroupLayout.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-partially-bound-binding-array", "partially-bound-binding-array")]
        const PARTIALLY_BOUND_BINDING_ARRAY = 1 << 13;

        /// Allows the user to print debug messages from shaders using `debugPrintf()`.
        ///
        /// Each WGSL module using `debugPrintf` must opt in with `enable wgpu_debug_printf;`.
        /// See the [`debugPrintf` extension specification][debug_printf]
        /// for the syntax, how to receive the output, and per-backend requirements.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Metal (3.2+, lowered to shader logging)
        /// - Vulkan (lowered to SPIR-V `NonSemantic.DebugPrintf`; output requires the
        ///   validation layer's debug-printf path, enabled with
        ///   [`InstanceFlags::VALIDATION`](crate::InstanceFlags::VALIDATION) and
        ///   [`InstanceFlags::DEBUG_PRINTF`](crate::InstanceFlags::DEBUG_PRINTF))
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        ///
        #[doc = link_to_wgpu_docs!(["debug_printf"]: "documentation/extensions/debug_printf/index.html")]
        #[name("wgpu-debug-printf")]
        const DEBUG_PRINTF = 1 << 14;

        /// Allows the user to call [`RenderPass::multi_draw_indirect_count`] and [`RenderPass::multi_draw_indexed_indirect_count`].
        ///
        /// This allows the use of a buffer containing the actual number of draw calls. This feature being present also implies
        /// that all calls to [`RenderPass::multi_draw_indirect`] and [`RenderPass::multi_draw_indexed_indirect`] are not being emulated
        /// with a series of `draw_indirect` calls.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - DX12
        /// - Vulkan 1.2+ (or VK_KHR_draw_indirect_count)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        ///
        #[doc = link_to_wgpu_docs!(["`RenderPass::multi_draw_indirect`"]: "struct.RenderPass.html#method.multi_draw_indirect")]
        #[doc = link_to_wgpu_docs!(["`RenderPass::multi_draw_indexed_indirect`"]: "struct.RenderPass.html#method.multi_draw_indexed_indirect")]
        #[doc = link_to_wgpu_docs!(["`RenderPass::multi_draw_indirect_count`"]: "struct.RenderPass.html#method.multi_draw_indirect_count")]
        #[doc = link_to_wgpu_docs!(["`RenderPass::multi_draw_indexed_indirect_count`"]: "struct.RenderPass.html#method.multi_draw_indexed_indirect_count")]
        #[name("wgpu-multi-draw-indirect-count", "multi-draw-indirect-count")]
        const MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT_COUNT = 1 << 15;
        /// Allows the use of [`AddressMode::ClampToBorder`] with a border color
        /// of [`SamplerBorderColor::Zero`].
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - DX12
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - Metal
        /// - OpenGL
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        ///
        /// [`AddressMode::ClampToBorder`]: super::AddressMode::ClampToBorder
        /// [`SamplerBorderColor::Zero`]: super::SamplerBorderColor::Zero
        #[name("wgpu-address-mode-clamp-to-zero", "address-mode-clamp-to-zero")]
        const ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_ZERO = 1 << 17;
        /// Allows the use of [`AddressMode::ClampToBorder`] with a border color
        /// other than [`SamplerBorderColor::Zero`].
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - DX12
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - Metal (macOS 10.12+ only)
        /// - OpenGL
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        ///
        /// [`AddressMode::ClampToBorder`]: super::AddressMode::ClampToBorder
        /// [`SamplerBorderColor::Zero`]: super::SamplerBorderColor::Zero
        #[name("wgpu-address-mode-clamp-to-border", "address-mode-clamp-to-border")]
        const ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_BORDER = 1 << 18;
        /// Allows the user to set [`PolygonMode::Line`] in [`PrimitiveState::polygon_mode`]
        ///
        /// This allows drawing polygons/triangles as lines (wireframe) instead of filled
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - DX12
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - Metal
        /// - OpenGL (not GLES)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        ///
        /// [`PrimitiveState::polygon_mode`]: super::PrimitiveState
        /// [`PolygonMode::Line`]: super::PolygonMode::Line
        #[name("wgpu-polygon-mode-line", "polygon-mode-line")]
        const POLYGON_MODE_LINE = 1 << 19;
        /// Allows the user to set [`PolygonMode::Point`] in [`PrimitiveState::polygon_mode`]
        ///
        /// This allows only drawing the vertices of polygons/triangles instead of filled
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - OpenGL (not GLES)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        ///
        /// [`PrimitiveState::polygon_mode`]: super::PrimitiveState
        /// [`PolygonMode::Point`]: super::PolygonMode::Point
        #[name("wgpu-polygon-mode-point", "polygon-mode-point")]
        const POLYGON_MODE_POINT = 1 << 20;
        /// Allows the user to set a overestimation-conservative-rasterization in [`PrimitiveState::conservative`]
        ///
        /// Processing of degenerate triangles/lines is hardware specific.
        /// Only triangles are supported.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        ///
        /// [`PrimitiveState::conservative`]: super::PrimitiveState::conservative
        #[name("wgpu-conservative-rasterization", "conservative-rasterization")]
        const CONSERVATIVE_RASTERIZATION = 1 << 21;
        /// Enables bindings of writable storage buffers and textures visible to vertex shaders.
        ///
        /// Note: some (tiled-based) platforms do not support vertex shaders with any side-effects.
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - All
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-vertex-writable-storage", "vertex-writable-storage")]
        const VERTEX_WRITABLE_STORAGE = 1 << 22;
        /// Enables clear to zero for textures.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - All
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-clear-texture", "clear-texture")]
        const CLEAR_TEXTURE = 1 << 23;
        /// Enables multiview render passes and `builtin(view_index)` in vertex/mesh shaders.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - Metal
        /// - DX12
        /// - OpenGL (web only)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-multiview", "multiview")]
        const MULTIVIEW = 1 << 26;
        /// Enables using 64-bit types for vertex attributes.
        ///
        /// Requires SHADER_FLOAT64.
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms: N/A
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-vertex-attribute-64-bit", "vertex-attribute-64-bit")]
        const VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_64BIT = 1 << 27;
        /// Enables image atomic fetch add, and, xor, or, min, and max for R32Uint and R32Sint textures.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal (with MSL 3.1+)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-texture-atomic")]
        const TEXTURE_ATOMIC = 1 << 28;
        /// Allows for creation of textures of format [`TextureFormat::NV12`]
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - DX12
        /// - Vulkan
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        ///
        /// [`TextureFormat::NV12`]: super::TextureFormat::NV12
        #[name("wgpu-texture-format-nv12")]
        const TEXTURE_FORMAT_NV12 = 1 << 29;
        /// Allows for creation of textures of format [`TextureFormat::P010`]
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - DX12
        /// - Vulkan
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        ///
        /// [`TextureFormat::P010`]: super::TextureFormat::P010
        #[name("wgpu-texture-format-p010")]
        const TEXTURE_FORMAT_P010 = 1 << 30;

        /// Allows for the creation and usage of `ExternalTexture`s, and bind
        /// group layouts containing external texture `BindingType`s.
        ///
        /// Conceptually this should really be a [`crate::DownlevelFlags`] as
        /// it corresponds to WebGPU's [`GPUExternalTexture`](
        /// https://www.w3.org/TR/webgpu/#gpuexternaltexture).
        /// However, the implementation is currently in-progress, and until it
        /// is complete we do not want applications to ignore adapters due to
        /// a missing downlevel flag, when they may not require this feature at
        /// all.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal
        #[name("wgpu-external-texture", "external-texture")]
        const EXTERNAL_TEXTURE = 1 << 31;

        // Shader:

        /// ***THIS IS EXPERIMENTAL:*** Features enabled by this may have
        /// major bugs in it and are expected to be subject to breaking changes, suggestions
        /// for the API exposed by this should be posted on [the ray-tracing issue](https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu/issues/1040)
        ///
        /// Allows for the creation of ray-tracing queries within shaders.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        ///
        /// This is a native-only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-ray-query")]
        const EXPERIMENTAL_RAY_QUERY = 1 << 32;
        /// Enables 64-bit floating point types in SPIR-V shaders.
        ///
        /// Note: even when supported by GPU hardware, 64-bit floating point operations are
        /// frequently between 16 and 64 _times_ slower than equivalent operations on 32-bit floats.
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-shader-f64", "shader-f64")]
        const SHADER_F64 = 1 << 33;
        /// Allows shaders to use `i16` and `u16` 16-bit integer types.
        ///
        /// Requires `enable wgpu_int16;` in WGSL shaders.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan (with `shaderInt16` and `VK_KHR_16bit_storage`)
        /// - Metal (always available)
        /// - DX12 (with `Native16BitShaderOpsSupported`, SM 6.2+)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-shader-i16", "shader-i16")]
        const SHADER_I16 = 1 << 34;

        // Bit 35 is used by VULKAN_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_FD.

        /// Allows shaders to use the `early_depth_test` attribute.
        ///
        /// The attribute is applied to the fragment shader entry point. It can be used in two
        /// ways:
        ///
        ///   1. Force early depth/stencil tests:
        ///
        ///      - `@early_depth_test(force)` (WGSL)
        ///
        ///      - `layout(early_fragment_tests) in;` (GLSL)
        ///
        ///   2. Provide a conservative depth specifier that allows an additional early
        ///      depth test under certain conditions:
        ///
        ///      - `@early_depth_test(greater_equal/less_equal/unchanged)` (WGSL)
        ///
        ///      - `layout(depth_<greater/less/unchanged>) out float gl_FragDepth;` (GLSL)
        ///
        /// See [`EarlyDepthTest`] for more details.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - GLES 3.1+
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        ///
        /// [`EarlyDepthTest`]: https://docs.rs/naga/latest/naga/ir/enum.EarlyDepthTest.html
        #[name("wgpu-shader-early-depth-test", "shader-early-depth-test")]
        const SHADER_EARLY_DEPTH_TEST = 1 << 36;
        /// Allows shaders to use i64 and u64.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12 (DXC only)
        /// - Metal (with MSL 2.3+)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-shader-int64")]
        const SHADER_INT64 = 1 << 37;
        /// Allows compute and fragment shaders to use the subgroup operation
        /// built-ins and perform subgroup operations (except barriers).
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal
        ///
        /// The `subgroups` feature has been added to WebGPU, but there may be
        /// differences between the standard and the `wgpu` implementation,
        /// so it remains a native-only feature in wgpu for now.
        /// See <https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu/issues/5555>.
        ///
        /// Because it is expected to move to the WebGPU feature set in the
        /// not-too-distant future, the name omits the `wgpu-` prefix.
        #[name("subgroups")]
        const SUBGROUP = 1 << 38;
        /// Allows vertex shaders to use the subgroup operation built-ins and
        /// perform subgroup operations (except barriers).
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-subgroup-vertex")]
        const SUBGROUP_VERTEX = 1 << 39;
        /// Allows compute shaders to use the subgroup barrier.
        ///
        /// Requires [`Features::SUBGROUP`]. Without it, enables nothing.
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - Metal
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-subgroup-barrier")]
        const SUBGROUP_BARRIER = 1 << 40;
        /// Allows the use of pipeline cache objects
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        ///
        /// Unimplemented Platforms:
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal
        #[name("wgpu-pipeline-cache")]
        const PIPELINE_CACHE = 1 << 41;
        /// Allows shaders to use i64 and u64 atomic min and max.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan (with VK_KHR_shader_atomic_int64)
        /// - DX12 (with SM 6.6+)
        /// - Metal (with MSL 2.4+)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-shader-int64-atomic-min-max")]
        const SHADER_INT64_ATOMIC_MIN_MAX = 1 << 42;
        /// Allows shaders to use all i64 and u64 atomic operations.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan (with VK_KHR_shader_atomic_int64)
        /// - DX12 (with SM 6.6+)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-shader-int64-atomic-all-ops")]
        const SHADER_INT64_ATOMIC_ALL_OPS = 1 << 43;
        /// Allows using the [VK_GOOGLE_display_timing] Vulkan extension.
        ///
        /// This is used for frame pacing to reduce latency, and is generally only available on Android.
        ///
        /// This feature does not have a `wgpu`-level API, and so users of wgpu wishing
        /// to use this functionality must access it using various `as_hal` functions,
        /// primarily [`Surface::as_hal()`], to then use.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan (with [VK_GOOGLE_display_timing])
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        ///
        /// [VK_GOOGLE_display_timing]: https://registry.khronos.org/vulkan/specs/1.3-extensions/man/html/VK_GOOGLE_display_timing.html
        #[doc = link_to_wgpu_docs!(["`Surface::as_hal()`"]: "struct.Surface.html#method.as_hal")]
        #[name("wgpu-vulkan-google-display-timing")]
        const VULKAN_GOOGLE_DISPLAY_TIMING = 1 << 44;

        /// Allows using the [VK_KHR_external_memory_win32] Vulkan extension.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan (with [VK_KHR_external_memory_win32])
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        ///
        /// [VK_KHR_external_memory_win32]: https://registry.khronos.org/vulkan/specs/latest/man/html/VK_KHR_external_memory_win32.html
        #[name("wgpu-vulkan-external-memory-win32")]
        const VULKAN_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_WIN32 = 1 << 45;

        /// Allows using the [VK_KHR_external_memory_fd] Vulkan extension.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan (with [VK_KHR_external_memory_fd])
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        ///
        /// [VK_KHR_external_memory_fd]: https://registry.khronos.org/vulkan/specs/latest/man/html/VK_KHR_external_memory_fd.html
        #[name("wgpu-vulkan-external-memory-fd")]
        const VULKAN_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_FD = 1 << 35;

        /// Allows using the [VK_EXT_external_memory_dma_buf] Vulkan extension
        /// for importing DMA-buf textures on Linux.
        ///
        /// Requires [VK_EXT_image_drm_format_modifier] for specifying the
        /// DRM format modifier and plane layout during import.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan (with [VK_EXT_external_memory_dma_buf] and [VK_EXT_image_drm_format_modifier])
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        ///
        /// [VK_EXT_external_memory_dma_buf]: https://registry.khronos.org/vulkan/specs/latest/man/html/VK_EXT_external_memory_dma_buf.html
        /// [VK_EXT_image_drm_format_modifier]: https://registry.khronos.org/vulkan/specs/latest/man/html/VK_EXT_image_drm_format_modifier.html
        #[name("wgpu-vulkan-external-memory-dma-buf")]
        const VULKAN_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_DMA_BUF = 1 << 63;

        /// Enables R64Uint image atomic min and max.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan (with VK_EXT_shader_image_atomic_int64)
        /// - DX12 (with SM 6.6+)
        /// - Metal (with MSL 3.1+)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-texture-int64-atomic")]
        const TEXTURE_INT64_ATOMIC = 1 << 46;

        /// Allows uniform buffers to be bound as binding arrays.
        ///
        /// This allows:
        /// - Shaders to contain `var<uniform> buffer: binding_array<UniformBuffer>;`
        /// - The `count` field of `BindGroupLayoutEntry`s with `Uniform` buffers, to be set to `Some`.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - None (<https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu/issues/7149>)
        ///
        /// Potential Platforms:
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal
        /// - Vulkan 1.2+ (or VK_EXT_descriptor_indexing)'s `shaderUniformBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing` feature)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-uniform-buffer-binding-arrays", "uniform-buffer-binding-arrays")]
        const UNIFORM_BUFFER_BINDING_ARRAYS = 1 << 47;

        /// Enables mesh shaders and task shaders in mesh shader pipelines. This extension does NOT imply support for
        /// compiling mesh shaders at runtime.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan (with [VK_EXT_mesh_shader](https://registry.khronos.org/vulkan/specs/latest/man/html/VK_EXT_mesh_shader.html))
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal
        ///
        /// Naga is only supported on vulkan. On other platforms you will have to use passthrough shaders.
        ///
        /// It is recommended to use [`Device::create_shader_module_trusted`] with [`ShaderRuntimeChecks::unchecked()`]
        /// to avoid workgroup memory zero initialization, which can be expensive due to zero initialization being
        /// single-threaded currently.
        ///
        /// Some Mesa drivers including LLVMPIPE but not RADV fail to run the naga generated code.
        /// [This may be our bug and will be investigated.](https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu/issues/8727)
        /// However, due to the nature of the failure, the fact that it is unique, and the random changes
        /// that make it go away, this is believed to be a Mesa bug. See
        /// [this Mesa issue.](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/-/issues/14376)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        ///
        /// [`Device::create_shader_module_trusted`]: https://docs.rs/wgpu/latest/wgpu/struct.Device.html#method.create_shader_module_trusted
        /// [`ShaderRuntimeChecks::unchecked()`]: crate::ShaderRuntimeChecks::unchecked
        #[name("wgpu-mesh-shader")]
        const EXPERIMENTAL_MESH_SHADER = 1 << 48;

        /// ***THIS IS EXPERIMENTAL:*** Features enabled by this may have
        /// major bugs in them and are expected to be subject to breaking changes, suggestions
        /// for the API exposed by this should be posted on [the ray-tracing issue](https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu/issues/6762)
        ///
        /// Allows for returning of the hit triangle's vertex position when tracing with an
        /// acceleration structure marked with [`AccelerationStructureFlags::ALLOW_RAY_HIT_VERTEX_RETURN`].
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature
        ///
        /// [`AccelerationStructureFlags::ALLOW_RAY_HIT_VERTEX_RETURN`]: super::AccelerationStructureFlags::ALLOW_RAY_HIT_VERTEX_RETURN
        #[name("wgpu-ray-hit-vertex-return")]
        const EXPERIMENTAL_RAY_HIT_VERTEX_RETURN = 1 << 49;

        /// Enables multiview in mesh shader pipelines
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan (with [VK_EXT_mesh_shader](https://registry.khronos.org/vulkan/specs/latest/man/html/VK_EXT_mesh_shader.html))
        ///
        /// Potential Platforms:
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-mesh-shader-multiview")]
        const EXPERIMENTAL_MESH_SHADER_MULTIVIEW = 1 << 50;

        /// Allows usage of additional vertex formats in [BlasTriangleGeometrySizeDescriptor::vertex_format]
        ///
        /// Supported platforms
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        ///
        /// [BlasTriangleGeometrySizeDescriptor::vertex_format]: super::BlasTriangleGeometrySizeDescriptor
        #[name("wgpu-extended-acceleration-structure-vertex-formats")]
        const EXTENDED_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_VERTEX_FORMATS = 1 << 51;

        /// Enables creating shaders from passthrough with reflection info (unsafe)
        ///
        /// Allows using [`Device::create_shader_module_passthrough`].
        /// Shader code isn't parsed or interpreted in any way. It is the user's
        /// responsibility to ensure the code and reflection (if passed) are correct.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal
        /// - WebGPU
        ///
        /// Ideally, in the future, all platforms will be supported. For more info, see
        /// [this comment](https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu/issues/3103#issuecomment-2833058367).
        ///
        #[doc = link_to_wgpu_docs!(["`Device::create_shader_module_passthrough`"]: "struct.Device.html#method.create_shader_module_passthrough")]
        #[name("wgpu-passthrough-shaders", "passthrough-shaders")]
        const PASSTHROUGH_SHADERS = 1 << 52;

        /// Enables shader barycentric coordinates.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan (with VK_KHR_fragment_shader_barycentric)
        /// - DX12 (with SM 6.1+)
        /// - Metal (with MSL 2.2+)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-shader-barycentrics")]
        const SHADER_BARYCENTRICS = 1 << 53;

        /// Enables using multiview where not all texture array layers are rendered to in a single render pass/render pipeline. Making
        /// use of this feature also requires enabling `Features::MULTIVIEW`.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        ///
        ///
        /// While metal supports this in theory, the behavior of `view_index` differs from vulkan and dx12 so the feature isn't exposed.
        #[name("wgpu-selective-multiview")]
        const SELECTIVE_MULTIVIEW = 1 << 54;

        /// Enables the use of point-primitive outputs from mesh shaders. Making use of this feature also requires enabling
        /// `Features::EXPERIMENTAL_MESH_SHADER`.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - Metal
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-mesh-shader-points")]
        const EXPERIMENTAL_MESH_SHADER_POINTS = 1 << 55;

        /// Enables creating texture arrays that are also multisampled.
        ///
        /// Without this feature, you cannot create a texture that has both a `sample_count` higher
        /// than 1, and a `depth_or_array_layers` higher than 1.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan (except VK_KHR_portability_subset if multisampleArrayImage is not available)
        /// - Metal (with macos 10.14+, ios 14.0+, tvos 16.0+, visionos 1.0+)
        #[name("wgpu-multisample-array")]
        const MULTISAMPLE_ARRAY = 1 << 56;

        /// Enables cooperative matrix operations (also known as tensor cores on NVIDIA GPUs
        /// or simdgroup matrix operations on Apple GPUs).
        ///
        /// Cooperative matrices allow a workgroup to collectively load, store, and perform
        /// matrix multiply-accumulate operations on small tiles of data, enabling
        /// hardware-accelerated matrix math.
        ///
        /// **Current limitations:** The implementation currently only supports 8x8 f32 matrices.
        /// On Vulkan, support is determined by querying `vkGetPhysicalDeviceCooperativeMatrixPropertiesKHR`
        /// for configurations matching 8x8x8 f32. Most Vulkan implementations (NVIDIA, AMD) primarily
        /// support f16 inputs at larger sizes (e.g., 16x16), so Vulkan support may be limited.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Metal (with MSL 2.3+ and Apple7+/Mac2+, using simdgroup matrix operations)
        /// - Vulkan (with [VK_KHR_cooperative_matrix](https://registry.khronos.org/vulkan/specs/latest/man/html/VK_KHR_cooperative_matrix.html), if 8x8 f32 is supported)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-cooperative-matrix")]
        const EXPERIMENTAL_COOPERATIVE_MATRIX = 1 << 57;

        /// Enables shader per-vertex attributes.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan (with VK_KHR_fragment_shader_barycentric)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-shader-per-vertex")]
        const SHADER_PER_VERTEX = 1 << 58;

        /// Enables shader `draw_index` builtin.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - GLES
        /// - Vulkan
        ///
        /// Potential platforms:
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-shader-draw-index")]
        const SHADER_DRAW_INDEX = 1 << 59;
        /// Allows the user to create arrays of acceleration structures in shaders:
        ///
        /// ex.
        /// - `var tlas: binding_array<acceleration_structure, 10>` (WGSL)
        ///
        /// This capability allows them to exist and to be indexed by dynamically uniform values.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - DX12
        /// - Vulkan
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-acceleration-structure-binding-array")]
        const ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BINDING_ARRAY = 1 << 60;

        /// Enables the `@coherent` memory decoration on storage buffer variables.
        ///
        /// Backend mapping:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal (3.2+)
        /// - GLES (ES 3.1+ / GL 4.3+)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-memory-decoration-coherent")]
        const MEMORY_DECORATION_COHERENT = 1 << 61;

        /// Enables the `@volatile` memory decoration on storage buffer variables.
        ///
        /// Backend mapping:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - GLES (ES 3.1+ / GL 4.3+)
        ///
        /// This is a native only feature.
        #[name("wgpu-memory-decoration-volatile")]
        const MEMORY_DECORATION_VOLATILE = 1 << 62;

        /// Allows for constructing ray tracing pipelines.
        #[name("wgpu-ray-tracing-pipelines")]
        const EXPERIMENTAL_RAY_TRACING_PIPELINES = 1 << 24;

        // Adding a new feature? All bits in the first u64 are used. Use the second u64 (bits 64+).
    }

    /// Features that are not guaranteed to be supported.
    ///
    /// These are part of the WebGPU standard. For all features, see [`Features`].
    ///
    /// If you want to use a feature, you need to first verify that the adapter supports
    /// the feature. If the adapter does not support the feature, requesting a device with it enabled
    /// will panic.
    ///
    /// Corresponds to [WebGPU `GPUFeatureName`](
    /// https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#enumdef-gpufeaturename).
    #[repr(transparent)]
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(transparent))]
    #[derive(Default, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
    pub struct FeaturesWebGPU features_webgpu {
        // API:

        /// By default, polygon depth is clipped to 0-1 range before/during rasterization.
        /// Anything outside of that range is rejected, and respective fragments are not touched.
        ///
        /// With this extension, we can disabling clipping. That allows
        /// shadow map occluders to be rendered into a tighter depth range.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - desktops
        /// - some mobile chips
        /// - WebGPU
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        #[name("depth-clip-control")]
        const DEPTH_CLIP_CONTROL = WEBGPU_FEATURE_DEPTH_CLIP_CONTROL;

        /// Allows for explicit creation of textures of format [`TextureFormat::Depth32FloatStencil8`]
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan (mostly)
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal
        /// - OpenGL
        /// - WebGPU
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        ///
        /// [`TextureFormat::Depth32FloatStencil8`]: super::TextureFormat::Depth32FloatStencil8
        #[name("depth32float-stencil8")]
        const DEPTH32FLOAT_STENCIL8 = WEBGPU_FEATURE_DEPTH32FLOAT_STENCIL8;

        /// Enables BCn family of compressed textures. All BCn textures use 4x4 pixel blocks
        /// with 8 or 16 bytes per block.
        ///
        /// Compressed textures sacrifice some quality in exchange for significantly reduced
        /// bandwidth usage.
        ///
        /// Support for this feature guarantees availability of [`TextureUsages::COPY_SRC | TextureUsages::COPY_DST | TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING`] for BCn formats.
        /// [`Features::TEXTURE_ADAPTER_SPECIFIC_FORMAT_FEATURES`] may enable additional usages.
        ///
        /// This feature guarantees availability of sliced-3d textures for BC formats when combined with TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC_SLICED_3D.
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - desktops
        /// - Mobile (All Apple9 and some Apple7 and Apple8 devices)
        /// - WebGPU
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        #[name("texture-compression-bc")]
        const TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC = WEBGPU_FEATURE_TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC;


        /// Allows the 3d dimension for textures with BC compressed formats.
        ///
        /// This feature must be used in combination with TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC to enable 3D textures with BC compression.
        /// It does not enable the BC formats by itself.
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - desktops
        /// - Mobile (All Apple9 and some Apple7 and Apple8 devices)
        /// - WebGPU
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        #[name("texture-compression-bc-sliced-3d")]
        const TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC_SLICED_3D = WEBGPU_FEATURE_TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_BC_SLICED_3D;

        /// Enables ETC family of compressed textures. All ETC textures use 4x4 pixel blocks.
        /// ETC2 RGB and RGBA1 are 8 bytes per block. RTC2 RGBA8 and EAC are 16 bytes per block.
        ///
        /// Compressed textures sacrifice some quality in exchange for significantly reduced
        /// bandwidth usage.
        ///
        /// Support for this feature guarantees availability of [`TextureUsages::COPY_SRC | TextureUsages::COPY_DST | TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING`] for ETC2 formats.
        /// [`Features::TEXTURE_ADAPTER_SPECIFIC_FORMAT_FEATURES`] may enable additional usages.
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Vulkan on Intel
        /// - Mobile (some)
        /// - WebGPU
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        #[name("texture-compression-etc2")]
        const TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ETC2 = WEBGPU_FEATURE_TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ETC2;

        /// Enables ASTC family of compressed textures. ASTC textures use pixel blocks varying from 4x4 to 12x12.
        /// Blocks are always 16 bytes.
        ///
        /// Compressed textures sacrifice some quality in exchange for significantly reduced
        /// bandwidth usage.
        ///
        /// Support for this feature guarantees availability of [`TextureUsages::COPY_SRC | TextureUsages::COPY_DST | TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING`] for ASTC formats with Unorm/UnormSrgb channel type.
        /// [`Features::TEXTURE_ADAPTER_SPECIFIC_FORMAT_FEATURES`] may enable additional usages.
        ///
        /// This feature does not guarantee availability of sliced 3d textures for ASTC formats.
        /// If available, 3d support can be enabled by TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC_SLICED_3D feature.
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Vulkan on Intel
        /// - Mobile (some)
        /// - WebGPU
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        #[name("texture-compression-astc")]
        const TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC = WEBGPU_FEATURE_TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC;


        /// Allows the 3d dimension for textures with ASTC compressed formats.
        ///
        /// This feature must be used in combination with TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC to enable 3D textures with ASTC compression.
        /// It does not enable the ASTC formats by itself.
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Vulkan (some)
        /// - Metal on Apple3+
        /// - OpenGL/WebGL (some)
        /// - WebGPU
        ///
        /// Not Supported:
        /// - DX12
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        #[name("texture-compression-astc-sliced-3d")]
        const TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC_SLICED_3D = WEBGPU_FEATURE_TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC_SLICED_3D;

        /// Enables use of Timestamp Queries. These queries tell the current gpu timestamp when
        /// all work before the query is finished.
        ///
        /// This feature allows the use of
        /// - [`RenderPassDescriptor::timestamp_writes`]
        /// - [`ComputePassDescriptor::timestamp_writes`]
        /// to write out timestamps.
        ///
        /// For arbitrary timestamp write commands on encoders refer to [`Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY_INSIDE_ENCODERS`].
        /// For arbitrary timestamp write commands on passes refer to [`Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY_INSIDE_PASSES`].
        ///
        /// They must be resolved using [`CommandEncoder::resolve_query_set`] into a buffer,
        /// then the result must be multiplied by the timestamp period [`Queue::get_timestamp_period`]
        /// to get the timestamp in nanoseconds. Multiple timestamps can then be diffed to get the
        /// time for operations between them to finish.
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal
        /// - OpenGL (with GL_ARB_timer_query)
        /// - WebGPU
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        ///
        #[doc = link_to_wgpu_docs!(["`RenderPassDescriptor::timestamp_writes`"]: "struct.RenderPassDescriptor.html#structfield.timestamp_writes")]
        #[doc = link_to_wgpu_docs!(["`ComputePassDescriptor::timestamp_writes`"]: "struct.ComputePassDescriptor.html#structfield.timestamp_writes")]
        #[doc = link_to_wgpu_docs!(["`CommandEncoder::resolve_query_set`"]: "struct.CommandEncoder.html#method.resolve_query_set")]
        #[doc = link_to_wgpu_docs!(["`Queue::get_timestamp_period`"]: "struct.Queue.html#method.get_timestamp_period")]
        #[name("timestamp-query")]
        const TIMESTAMP_QUERY = WEBGPU_FEATURE_TIMESTAMP_QUERY;

        /// Allows non-zero value for the `first_instance` member in indirect draw calls.
        ///
        /// If this feature is not enabled, and the `first_instance` member is non-zero, the behavior may be:
        /// - The draw call is ignored.
        /// - The draw call is executed as if the `first_instance` is zero.
        /// - The draw call is executed with the correct `first_instance` value.
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Vulkan (mostly)
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal on Apple3+ or Mac1+
        /// - OpenGL (Desktop 4.2+ with ARB_shader_draw_parameters only)
        /// - WebGPU
        ///
        /// Not Supported:
        /// - OpenGL ES / WebGL
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        #[name("indirect-first-instance")]
        const INDIRECT_FIRST_INSTANCE = WEBGPU_FEATURE_INDIRECT_FIRST_INSTANCE;

        /// Allows shaders to use 16-bit floating point types. You may use them uniform buffers,
        /// storage buffers, and local variables. You may not use them in immediates.
        ///
        /// In order to use this in WGSL shaders, you must add `enable f16;` to the top of your shader,
        /// before any global items.
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - Metal
        /// - DX12
        /// - WebGPU
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        #[name("shader-f16")]
        const SHADER_F16 = WEBGPU_FEATURE_SHADER_F16;

        /// Allows for usage of textures of format [`TextureFormat::Rg11b10Ufloat`] as a render target
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal
        /// - WebGPU
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        ///
        /// [`TextureFormat::Rg11b10Ufloat`]: super::TextureFormat::Rg11b10Ufloat
        #[name("rg11b10ufloat-renderable")]
        const RG11B10UFLOAT_RENDERABLE = WEBGPU_FEATURE_RG11B10UFLOAT_RENDERABLE;

        /// Allows the [`TextureUsages::STORAGE_BINDING`] usage on textures with format [`TextureFormat::Bgra8Unorm`]
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal
        /// - WebGPU
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        ///
        /// [`TextureFormat::Bgra8Unorm`]: super::TextureFormat::Bgra8Unorm
        /// [`TextureUsages::STORAGE_BINDING`]: super::TextureUsages::STORAGE_BINDING
        #[name("bgra8unorm-storage")]
        const BGRA8UNORM_STORAGE = WEBGPU_FEATURE_BGRA8UNORM_STORAGE;


        /// Allows textures with formats "r32float", "rg32float", and "rgba32float" to be filterable.
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Vulkan (mainly on Desktop GPUs)
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal on macOS or Apple9+ GPUs, optional on iOS/iPadOS with Apple7/8 GPUs
        /// - GL with one of `GL_ARB_color_buffer_float`/`GL_EXT_color_buffer_float`/`OES_texture_float_linear`
        /// - WebGPU
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        #[name("float32-filterable")]
        const FLOAT32_FILTERABLE = WEBGPU_FEATURE_FLOAT32_FILTERABLE;

        /// Allows textures with formats "r32float", "rg32float", and "rgba32float" to be blendable.
        ///
        /// Supported Platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - WebGPU
        #[name("float32-blendable")]
        const FLOAT32_BLENDABLE = WEBGPU_FEATURE_FLOAT32_BLENDABLE;

        /// Allows two outputs from a shader to be used for blending.
        /// Note that dual-source blending doesn't support multiple render targets.
        ///
        /// For more info see the OpenGL ES extension GL_EXT_blend_func_extended.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - OpenGL ES (with GL_EXT_blend_func_extended)
        /// - Metal (with MSL 1.2+)
        /// - Vulkan (with dualSrcBlend)
        /// - DX12
        /// - WebGPU
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        #[name("dual-source-blending")]
        const DUAL_SOURCE_BLENDING = WEBGPU_FEATURE_DUAL_SOURCE_BLENDING;

        /// Allows the use of `@builtin(clip_distances)` in WGSL.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan (mainly on Desktop GPUs)
        /// - Metal
        /// - GL (Desktop or `GL_EXT_clip_cull_distance`)
        /// - WebGPU
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        #[name("clip-distances")]
        const CLIP_DISTANCES = WEBGPU_FEATURE_CLIP_DISTANCES;

        /// Allows the use of immediate data: small, fast bits of memory that can be updated
        /// inside a [`RenderPass`].
        ///
        /// Allows the user to call [`RenderPass::set_immediates`], provide a non-zero immediate data size
        /// to [`PipelineLayoutDescriptor`], and provide a non-zero limit to [`Limits::max_immediate_size`].
        ///
        /// A block of immediate data can be declared in WGSL with `var<immediate>`:
        ///
        /// ```rust,ignore
        /// struct Immediates { example: f32, }
        /// var<immediate> c: Immediates;
        /// ```
        ///
        /// In GLSL, this corresponds to `layout(immediates) uniform Name {..}`.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - DX12
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - Metal
        /// - OpenGL (emulated with uniforms)
        /// - WebGPU
        ///
        /// WebGPU support is currently a proposal and will be available in browsers in the future.
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        ///
        #[doc = link_to_wgpu_item!(struct RenderPass)]
        #[doc = link_to_wgpu_item!(struct PipelineLayoutDescriptor)]
        #[doc = link_to_wgpu_docs!(["`RenderPass::set_immediates`"]: "struct.RenderPass.html#method.set_immediates")]
        /// [`Limits::max_immediate_size`]: super::Limits
        #[name("immediates")]
        const IMMEDIATES = WEBGPU_FEATURE_IMMEDIATES;

        /// Enables `builtin(primitive_index)` in fragment shaders.
        ///
        /// Note: enables geometry processing for pipelines using the builtin.
        /// This may come with a significant performance impact on some hardware.
        /// Other pipelines are not affected.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan (with geometryShader)
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal (some)
        /// - OpenGL (some)
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature. `primitive-index` is its
        /// WebGPU-defined name, and `shader-primitive-index` is accepted to
        /// remain compatible with previous wgpu behavior.
        #[name("primitive-index", "shader-primitive-index")]
        const PRIMITIVE_INDEX = WEBGPU_FEATURE_PRIMITIVE_INDEX;

        /// Allows `TextureView`s to rearrange or replace the color components
        /// from texture's red/green/blue/alpha channels when used as a `TEXTURE_BINDING`.
        ///
        /// Supported platforms:
        /// - Vulkan
        /// - DX12
        /// - Metal on Apple2+ or Mac2+
        ///
        /// Not yet implemented:
        /// - OpenGL
        ///
        /// This is a web and native feature.
        #[name("texture-component-swizzle")]
        const TEXTURE_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE = WEBGPU_FEATURE_TEXTURE_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE;
    }
}

impl Features {
    /// Mask of all features which are part of the upstream WebGPU standard.
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn all_webgpu_mask() -> Self {
        Self::from_bits_truncate(FeatureBits([
            FeaturesWGPU::empty().bits(),
            FeaturesWebGPU::all().bits(),
        ]))
    }

    /// Mask of all features that are only available when targeting native (not web).
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn all_native_mask() -> Self {
        Self::from_bits_truncate(FeatureBits([
            FeaturesWGPU::all().bits(),
            FeaturesWebGPU::empty().bits(),
        ]))
    }

    /// Mask of all features which are experimental.
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn all_experimental_mask() -> Self {
        Self::from_bits_truncate(FeatureBits([
            FeaturesWGPU::EXPERIMENTAL_MESH_SHADER.bits()
                | FeaturesWGPU::EXPERIMENTAL_MESH_SHADER_MULTIVIEW.bits()
                | FeaturesWGPU::EXPERIMENTAL_MESH_SHADER_POINTS.bits()
                | FeaturesWGPU::EXPERIMENTAL_RAY_QUERY.bits()
                | FeaturesWGPU::EXPERIMENTAL_RAY_HIT_VERTEX_RETURN.bits()
                | FeaturesWGPU::EXPERIMENTAL_COOPERATIVE_MATRIX.bits()
                | FeaturesWGPU::EXPERIMENTAL_RAY_TRACING_PIPELINES.bits(),
            FeaturesWebGPU::empty().bits(),
        ]))
    }

    /// Vertex formats allowed for creating and building BLASes
    #[must_use]
    pub fn allowed_vertex_formats_for_blas(&self) -> Vec<VertexFormat> {
        let mut formats = Vec::new();
        if self.intersects(Self::EXPERIMENTAL_RAY_QUERY | Self::EXPERIMENTAL_RAY_TRACING_PIPELINES)
        {
            formats.push(VertexFormat::Float32x3);
        }
        if self.contains(Self::EXTENDED_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_VERTEX_FORMATS) {
            formats.push(VertexFormat::Float32x2);
            formats.push(VertexFormat::Float16x2);
            formats.push(VertexFormat::Float16x4);
            formats.push(VertexFormat::Snorm16x2);
            formats.push(VertexFormat::Snorm16x4);
        }
        formats
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::{Features, FeaturesWGPU, FeaturesWebGPU};
    use bitflags::{Flag, Flags};

    #[cfg(feature = "serde")]
    #[test]
    fn check_hex() {
        use crate::FeatureBits;

        use bitflags::{
            parser::{ParseHex as _, WriteHex as _},
            Bits as _,
        };

        let mut hex = alloc::string::String::new();
        FeatureBits::ALL.write_hex(&mut hex).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            FeatureBits::parse_hex(hex.as_str()).unwrap(),
            FeatureBits::ALL
        );

        hex.clear();
        FeatureBits::EMPTY.write_hex(&mut hex).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            FeatureBits::parse_hex(hex.as_str()).unwrap(),
            FeatureBits::EMPTY
        );

        for feature in Features::FLAGS {
            hex.clear();
            feature.value().bits().write_hex(&mut hex).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(
                FeatureBits::parse_hex(hex.as_str()).unwrap(),
                feature.value().bits(),
                "{hex}"
            );
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn check_features_display() {
        use alloc::format;

        let feature = Features::CLEAR_TEXTURE;
        assert_eq!(format!("{feature}"), "CLEAR_TEXTURE");

        let feature = Features::CLEAR_TEXTURE | Features::BGRA8UNORM_STORAGE;
        assert_eq!(format!("{feature}"), "CLEAR_TEXTURE | BGRA8UNORM_STORAGE");
    }

    #[test]
    fn check_features_bits() {
        let bits = Features::all().bits();
        assert_eq!(Features::from_bits_retain(bits), Features::all());

        let bits = Features::empty().bits();
        assert_eq!(Features::from_bits_retain(bits), Features::empty());

        for feature in Features::FLAGS {
            let bits = feature.value().bits();
            assert_eq!(Features::from_bits_retain(bits), *feature.value());
        }

        let bits = FeaturesWebGPU::all().bits();
        assert_eq!(
            FeaturesWebGPU::from_bits_truncate(bits),
            FeaturesWebGPU::all()
        );

        let bits = FeaturesWebGPU::empty().bits();
        assert_eq!(
            FeaturesWebGPU::from_bits_truncate(bits),
            FeaturesWebGPU::empty()
        );

        for feature in FeaturesWebGPU::FLAGS {
            let bits = feature.value().bits();
            assert_eq!(FeaturesWebGPU::from_bits_truncate(bits), *feature.value());
        }

        let bits = FeaturesWGPU::all().bits();
        assert_eq!(FeaturesWGPU::from_bits(bits).unwrap(), FeaturesWGPU::all());

        let bits = FeaturesWGPU::empty().bits();
        assert_eq!(
            FeaturesWGPU::from_bits(bits).unwrap(),
            FeaturesWGPU::empty()
        );

        for feature in FeaturesWGPU::FLAGS {
            let bits = feature.value().bits();
            assert_eq!(FeaturesWGPU::from_bits(bits).unwrap(), *feature.value());
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn features_names() {
        for feature in Features::FLAGS.iter().map(Flag::value).copied() {
            let Some(name) = feature.as_str() else {
                panic!("`.as_str()` for {feature:?} returned `None`");
            };
            assert_eq!(name.parse(), Ok(feature));

            // Native-only features that are accepted without `wgpu-` prefix for backwards compatibility
            let prefix_backcompat_features = [
                Features::TEXTURE_FORMAT_16BIT_NORM,
                Features::TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC_HDR,
                Features::TEXTURE_ADAPTER_SPECIFIC_FORMAT_FEATURES,
                Features::PIPELINE_STATISTICS_QUERY,
                Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY_INSIDE_PASSES,
                Features::MAPPABLE_PRIMARY_BUFFERS,
                Features::TEXTURE_BINDING_ARRAY,
                Features::BUFFER_BINDING_ARRAY,
                Features::STORAGE_RESOURCE_BINDING_ARRAY,
                Features::SAMPLED_TEXTURE_AND_STORAGE_BUFFER_ARRAY_NON_UNIFORM_INDEXING,
                Features::STORAGE_TEXTURE_ARRAY_NON_UNIFORM_INDEXING,
                Features::UNIFORM_BUFFER_BINDING_ARRAYS,
                Features::PARTIALLY_BOUND_BINDING_ARRAY,
                Features::MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT_COUNT,
                Features::ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_ZERO,
                Features::ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_BORDER,
                Features::POLYGON_MODE_LINE,
                Features::POLYGON_MODE_POINT,
                Features::CONSERVATIVE_RASTERIZATION,
                Features::VERTEX_WRITABLE_STORAGE,
                Features::CLEAR_TEXTURE,
                Features::MULTIVIEW,
                Features::VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_64BIT,
                Features::EXTERNAL_TEXTURE,
                Features::SHADER_F64,
                Features::SHADER_I16,
                Features::SHADER_EARLY_DEPTH_TEST,
                Features::PASSTHROUGH_SHADERS,
            ];

            if feature == Features::SUBGROUP {
                // Standard-track feature that does not have `wgpu-` prefix
                assert_eq!(name.parse(), Ok(feature));
            } else if feature & Features::all_native_mask() != Features::empty() {
                let stripped_name = name.strip_prefix("wgpu-").unwrap_or_else(|| {
                    panic!("Native feature `{name}` should have `wgpu-` prefix")
                });
                let expected = if prefix_backcompat_features.contains(&feature) {
                    Ok(feature)
                } else {
                    Err(())
                };
                assert_eq!(stripped_name.parse(), expected);
            }

            // Special backcompat case
            if feature == Features::PRIMITIVE_INDEX {
                assert_eq!("shader-primitive-index".parse(), Ok(feature));
            }
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn create_features_from_parts() {
        let features: Features = FeaturesWGPU::TEXTURE_ATOMIC.into();
        assert_eq!(features, Features::TEXTURE_ATOMIC);

        let features: Features = FeaturesWebGPU::TIMESTAMP_QUERY.into();
        assert_eq!(features, Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY);

        let features: Features = Features::from(FeaturesWGPU::TEXTURE_ATOMIC)
            | Features::from(FeaturesWebGPU::TIMESTAMP_QUERY);
        assert_eq!(
            features,
            Features::TEXTURE_ATOMIC | Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY
        );
        assert_eq!(
            features,
            Features::from_internal_flags(
                FeaturesWGPU::TEXTURE_ATOMIC,
                FeaturesWebGPU::TIMESTAMP_QUERY
            )
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn experimental_features_part_of_experimental_mask() {
        for (name, feature) in Features::all().iter_names() {
            let prefixed_with_experimental = name.starts_with("EXPERIMENTAL_");
            let in_experimental_mask = Features::all_experimental_mask().contains(feature);
            assert_eq!(in_experimental_mask, prefixed_with_experimental);
        }
    }
}